[00:01.310 --> 00:02.470]  Welcome.
[00:02.970 --> 00:04.030]  Thank you all for coming.
[00:04.470 --> 00:17.550]  We're really excited to share with you about a project that we've been assisting a doctor in rural Mexico to deliver medicine to indigenous communities that he helps serve.
[00:29.340 --> 00:35.680]  Imagine you're a doctor in rural Mexico and you get a call from one of the promoters in the community.
[00:38.990 --> 00:44.450]  These communities are in a mountainous terrain and it takes four days by mule to reach.
[00:46.270 --> 00:56.870]  Oftentimes, these doctors get calls that they can't respond to because they can't deliver or service the medical care to these communities fast enough.
[00:58.130 --> 01:06.090]  In often cases, there are preventable injuries and casualties.
[01:07.750 --> 01:13.270]  In 2014, this became reality for Dr. David.
[01:14.670 --> 01:20.970]  A young girl was stung by a scorpion and David had an antidote in his hand, but there was no way to get to her fast enough.
[01:21.430 --> 01:22.910]  And she passed away.
[01:24.770 --> 01:30.690]  So David, at that moment, began thinking of ways to solve this problem.
[01:31.030 --> 01:33.190]  And in 2014, drones were becoming more of a thing.
[01:33.270 --> 01:37.730]  And he was drawing up plans for how to deliver medicine 20 kilometers away with drones.
[01:39.770 --> 01:45.370]  So in his communities, there's a need for fast, small package delivery of medicine.
[01:46.370 --> 01:54.180]  And also to have an Internet connection to these communities.
[01:54.440 --> 01:55.520]  There are cell services.
[01:55.740 --> 01:57.840]  There is a cell network, but it's not very strong.
[01:58.080 --> 02:13.440]  And in some cases, it would be really helpful to have a video call with one of these promoters who are helping the community, who are part of the community that have some medical background to be able to communicate with the doctors in the centralized communities.
[02:16.880 --> 02:24.760]  And also, it is necessary to be able to deliver routine medical supplies to these communities from the centralized clinic.
[02:25.380 --> 02:43.580]  And in fulfilling these needs, inspiring the local youth and to participate in this process, to learn how to also service the rural communities and to become engineers, doctors, or both, is a need.
[02:43.580 --> 02:45.020]  And a goal of Dr. David.
[02:46.660 --> 02:54.640]  So this is an example of the terrain and the infrastructure in the rural communities in Sonora.
[02:54.840 --> 02:56.520]  And we'll explain a little bit more about that.
[02:56.780 --> 03:10.340]  But first, we wanted to show you a video of a news segment from our second year there, where the local state news agency came and did a segment on Dr. David and the project.
[03:10.340 --> 03:20.820]  Thank you very much.
[03:52.440 --> 03:54.980]  This is the clinic Almas-ACE.
[03:55.160 --> 04:06.180]  We have a consultorio, we have medical patients, we have had like four generations of medical patients, the majority of the University of Sonora.
[04:07.280 --> 04:14.940]  We have the consultorio of audiology, which is the Dr. Ted Lerke, a audiologist from Arizona.
[04:14.940 --> 04:22.880]  We have a conference room, a small area of living room, which is a café.
[04:23.220 --> 04:39.120]  The director of the clinic is Elizabeth Petit, who has generated international collaborations that allow technological advances to solve problems of the most apart from the communities that can reach between 9 and 15 hours of distance from Mesa Colorado.
[04:39.120 --> 04:53.380]  There are several situations where the patients are complicated and they are in danger of life by simple things like medicines that can be in a small box.
[04:53.680 --> 05:04.720]  There are plans in a short period of time to be able to send a vehicle no tripulado that can deliver medicines in a little while.
[05:05.260 --> 05:06.560]  Is it like a drone?
[05:08.700 --> 05:18.300]  This project is possible thanks to young engineers of the University of Massachusetts, Dana Gretton and Jaguar Christeler, who have traveled to Alamos to develop the prototypes.
[05:18.820 --> 05:23.860]  They pay their travel, they have paid their equipment, and they pay their 3D for the project.
[05:24.320 --> 05:29.720]  To start operating, it needs to be validated, coordinated with health and security authorities.
[05:29.980 --> 05:35.300]  This clinic is active since 2014 and is maintained by the solidarity of the residents of Alamos.
[05:35.300 --> 05:39.360]  With images from Carlos Arguelles, for Noticias Telemax, Rosalba Wong.
[05:40.040 --> 05:45.440]  Thank you, Dr. David Barton, for joining us in this clinic and sharing what they are doing right now.
[05:45.720 --> 05:49.480]  We have technology, both in terms of health and in terms of artesanía.
[05:49.580 --> 05:51.460]  It gives us a great pleasure to see this growth.
[05:51.740 --> 05:54.560]  Let's pause and go back to Noticias Telemax.
[05:58.280 --> 06:04.240]  So this was filmed in 2023, our second time in Sonora, Alamos, and that last...
[06:05.300 --> 06:08.560]  The image was of this town that David is based, the centralized community.
[06:09.280 --> 06:09.720]  Yeah.
[06:10.000 --> 06:11.440]  So now you've met our good friend David.
[06:12.060 --> 06:18.100]  So all of the things that we've just talked about up to this point are fairly somber, which makes sense.
[06:18.240 --> 06:31.100]  But also I want to try to convey in our talk like how much fun we've had working with him and meeting all the people who are local and putting together teams of students and engineers from around the world to try to solve some of these challenging problems.
[06:31.580 --> 06:31.940]  Yeah.
[06:32.080 --> 06:33.840]  As Jaguar said, that was a few years ago.
[06:34.980 --> 06:37.920]  So I'd like to give you a more up to date view of the project.
[06:38.100 --> 06:43.880]  But before I do that, I'd like to at least kind of roll back a bit for people who may not be familiar with all the native peoples of Mexico.
[06:43.880 --> 06:49.640]  So just for context, the Guajio are an indigenous people of Mexico.
[06:49.880 --> 06:52.440]  They also go by the Macaraway and other names.
[06:53.100 --> 07:00.140]  Most live in a few villages near the Sierra Madre Mountains in a region that crosses the Sonora and Chihuahua border.
[07:00.300 --> 07:05.200]  So we've been working in Sonora, but the territory extends into Chihuahua.
[07:06.400 --> 07:10.760]  Most of the lands of these tribes, as we've said, are inaccessible by vehicle or horse.
[07:12.080 --> 07:17.240]  Access is generally on foot or by multi-day mule journey and generally just not undertaken at all.
[07:17.340 --> 07:21.040]  These communities are very, for the most part, very isolated.
[07:22.300 --> 07:35.000]  And Alamos is a historic Spanish colonial city which was known for being a rich silver mine early in its history and is now primarily sustained by tourist activity.
[07:35.400 --> 07:37.720]  So I fit right in there.
[07:38.020 --> 07:42.420]  So that's been our home base for understanding and exploring these issues.
[07:44.340 --> 07:51.180]  Also to kind of just land you geographically, this is the Guajio territory in Mexico.
[07:53.260 --> 07:55.160]  So we are right there.
[07:58.260 --> 08:02.740]  Zooming in a little bit, this is what the territory that we're attempting to serve actually looks like from above.
[08:03.580 --> 08:11.080]  Shown are the lands or the routes by both land and air that are relevant for distribution of medicine in this locale.
[08:12.060 --> 08:15.720]  The hope is to follow some of these green paths directly, like as the crow flies.
[08:15.900 --> 08:18.560]  But you can see the red paths are quite torturous.
[08:18.820 --> 08:19.640]  They go all over the place.
[08:20.580 --> 08:23.760]  Zooming in even farther, this is actually one of the areas we would want to serve.
[08:23.760 --> 08:29.060]  So this may or may not look like a dwelling to you from above, depending on how used to you.
[08:29.580 --> 08:35.180]  Aerial photos of non-city or places other than where I live, for example, in the world.
[08:35.460 --> 08:38.920]  But this is actually a delivery site that we would want to deliver medicine to.
[08:39.220 --> 08:48.180]  So as you can see, it does not have great provisions for landing an airplane or any kind of aircraft at all.
[08:49.300 --> 08:51.240]  It's quite challenging terrain.
[08:51.440 --> 08:54.240]  So that's kind of laying the ground for what we're trying to solve here.
[08:57.520 --> 09:01.460]  Furthermore, we did actually visit these communities and we met some people.
[09:01.540 --> 09:05.260]  I didn't meet these people, unfortunately, and I didn't take pictures of the ones who I did meet.
[09:05.260 --> 09:12.480]  But these are some folks from those communities and their dwellings do look very much like this.
[09:12.560 --> 09:13.260]  And they're beautiful inside.
[09:13.940 --> 09:19.620]  And this is the kind of the setting in which we are trying to deploy medicine.
[09:20.160 --> 09:26.020]  So, yeah, mostly just to help you understand visually, like, what sorts of problems we're tackling.
[09:28.800 --> 09:33.260]  So in these settings, there are a variety of resources that are already in place.
[09:34.040 --> 09:38.460]  There are eight communities that are relevant for our project within a 45-kilometer circle.
[09:39.680 --> 09:46.340]  The medical supplies that we would want to deliver are already available nearby, for the most part, or can be made available nearby.
[09:46.680 --> 09:55.740]  But they do need to be transported, what's referred to as that last mile, or last several miles to actually reach their point of use.
[09:57.200 --> 10:02.640]  The Hospital Comunitario de Alamos is nearby and does offer some medical services.
[10:03.360 --> 10:06.700]  There are seven rural clinics, as well, that are distributed throughout these communities.
[10:06.960 --> 10:17.840]  And each one is staffed by what are referred to as medical promoters, who are members of the communities who have been educated in certain types of medical care that can be administered directly on the ground.
[10:18.480 --> 10:31.320]  It's especially effective in concert with a doctor who is supervising or helping to, like, triage whether things are emergencies that require transport or if they can be addressed locally immediately.
[10:34.100 --> 10:36.640]  Yeah, we have a variety of other resources, like maps.
[10:36.900 --> 10:39.080]  And as Jaguar said, there's limited cellular coverage.
[10:39.340 --> 10:42.780]  And some residential, church, and elementary and primary school buildings.
[10:47.020 --> 10:52.480]  As for what we actually have to try to accomplish, first of all, we have to build and develop some things.
[10:52.740 --> 10:56.600]  We have to gain and use some technical knowledge that's relevant for this field, obviously.
[10:56.760 --> 11:01.020]  And that's not just us, but our whole group of people who are attempting to advance this project together.
[11:01.720 --> 11:03.600]  We also want to involve and inspire younger people.
[11:03.840 --> 11:10.040]  We don't want this to be just us and then we leave eventually and go to some other part of our lives or even are retired or whatever.
[11:10.440 --> 11:17.320]  We want this to last a long time beyond ourselves, which means rooting it deeply where it is and cultivating it.
[11:19.040 --> 11:32.380]  We just kind of on a more physical level, we need to actually transport a payload, which could include devices or medicines, and would also, if it did include devices, it would also need to include energy to power those devices, which ends up being an important weight concern.
[11:33.920 --> 11:37.160]  It also has to be able to do things like abort and not cause a fire.
[11:37.160 --> 11:41.060]  We don't want it to land in dry brushwood and cause a fire.
[11:42.120 --> 11:50.600]  It needs to be safe to load and unload by people who would staff it, who are not, you know, who aren't aeronautical engineers, ideally.
[11:50.860 --> 11:56.020]  Like people who can be taught how to use these things safely, but we don't want to make it insane.
[11:56.140 --> 11:59.380]  I want it to be well within their purview to do so.
[12:00.980 --> 12:04.520]  Yeah, so, and there are other things that I think we've already talked about.
[12:04.520 --> 12:22.280]  So, kind of, before we go on, I just wanted to shout out to Sasha Costanza-Chalk, who's the author of Design Justice and helped me understand some of the aspects of doing this in a more responsible way, especially because we're building user interfaces that are designed to be used by people who are
[12:22.280 --> 12:22.660]  not us.
[12:23.360 --> 12:26.000]  She has this concept of affordances and disaffordances.
[12:27.640 --> 12:39.780]  And the idea that you would try to make something easy to use, but in the process of trying to make it easy to use to you or to people you conceptualize, you accidentally make it impossible for someone else to use who isn't like you.
[12:40.680 --> 12:45.120]  I mean, it sounds obvious when you say it that that could happen, but it's important to have it at least pointed out to you.
[12:45.800 --> 12:51.820]  So, we've been trying to mindfully include these types of principles when we're undertaking advancing this work.
[12:52.620 --> 12:55.210]  And kind of within that framework and also borrowing from...
[12:55.780 --> 13:00.000]  Actually, shout out to Danielle Wood at the MIT Media Lab as well for helping me out with this.
[13:02.540 --> 13:06.980]  There are abstract and concrete categories of need, the desired outcomes, and the system objectives.
[13:07.980 --> 13:17.520]  The needs are simple, just prevent illness and death when possible, and connect Makaroi people to good outside medical care in the future.
[13:18.560 --> 13:21.340]  Desired outcomes, decreased rate of death as you'd expect.
[13:22.360 --> 13:28.220]  And the system objectives are like routine and life-saving medical supplies delivered and documented from hospital to near point of use.
[13:28.340 --> 13:32.360]  So, we want it to be like fully integrated into the medical system, not just, you know, impromptu.
[13:33.800 --> 13:36.360]  Ideally, you know, that's looking...
[13:36.900 --> 13:38.680]  So, skipping to the bottom right-hand corner here.
[13:39.720 --> 13:50.140]  Concretely, to achieve our overall system objectives, we need to build knowledge communities around building, operating, and improving many, like a fleet of medical delivery UABs.
[13:53.280 --> 13:54.620]  This is our qualitative timeline.
[13:54.920 --> 14:00.560]  And just for context, we're approximately up to about the two-thirds mark here when we're into involve and inspire younger people.
[14:00.760 --> 14:06.240]  All the stuff on the left, I can happily say, we've pretty much done, like trying out our first autonomous flights.
[14:06.640 --> 14:08.460]  But I'll let Jaguar take more of that.
[14:17.100 --> 14:28.300]  Yeah, so now we're going to get into the part of the presentation where we're talking about our visits to Sonora and meeting Dr. Ravid in person and working with him to make...
[14:28.300 --> 14:31.020]  to basically run through this timeline and test these platforms.
[14:31.300 --> 14:35.380]  We first went to Sonora in 2021, the winter of 2021.
[14:35.380 --> 14:46.020]  And we had numerous ideas for how to get started with the type of delivery method.
[14:46.460 --> 14:55.100]  Actually, David and Dana met in 2017, 2018, and were talking online for many years, working together on learning how to do planes.
[14:55.100 --> 15:03.520]  And actually, in this case, like Dana is a software engineer, hasn't really done aerospace engineering or planes or building things that fly.
[15:03.740 --> 15:19.820]  And so special thanks to Amira from the Design Build Fly Club at MIT, who just totally got this project up and running and was like, use this plane in the top right corner and get an orange cube and get all these other components and like just use that as your testbed platform.
[15:20.880 --> 15:37.780]  Did a couple back of the napkin calculations to find that the quadcopter drones that most people think of when you say drone is not capable or a sufficient method to deliver medicine 20 kilometers in this special context and to...
[15:37.780 --> 15:38.540]  And within the budget.
[15:38.720 --> 15:40.200]  And it's also not within budget.
[15:40.360 --> 15:43.200]  That is an important piece of this design space.
[15:44.380 --> 15:48.220]  So a drone that can glide is necessary.
[15:48.600 --> 15:51.340]  And then also, so in the bottom left corner here is Zipline.
[15:51.400 --> 15:52.040]  You may have heard of them.
[15:52.200 --> 15:53.360]  They're actually super cool.
[15:53.480 --> 15:58.860]  They've got some amazing tech to deliver medical packages to hospitals in Africa.
[15:59.280 --> 16:04.340]  And it's kind of like the centralized place, centralized service that runs very efficiently.
[16:04.480 --> 16:11.500]  But it is also a very expensive installation and does not fit in this design space.
[16:14.500 --> 16:18.140]  So we started out with the husky, which is A in this picture.
[16:18.620 --> 16:24.680]  And these are progressions of our attempts to solve this solution.
[16:24.680 --> 16:27.340]  And we'll elaborate on them throughout the presentation.
[16:28.780 --> 16:32.980]  So winter 2021, 2022, it was the first time we went to Mexico.
[16:33.680 --> 16:39.160]  I was actually coming back from living in China and Dana was going to meet David for the first time.
[16:39.160 --> 16:48.040]  So we met in Mexico and Dana brought along the Husky plane and also a 3D printer.
[16:48.360 --> 16:56.280]  Because at the time, Eclipse on airplanes, which we'll tell you more about soon, was releasing their first 3D printed plane designs.
[16:56.280 --> 16:59.980]  And we were like, what if we just tried printing a plane while we were there?
[17:02.260 --> 17:09.700]  So amidst trying to learn how to fly, we were also running a 3D printer, printing different wing segments and playing around and getting really excited.
[17:10.000 --> 17:15.140]  We also taught David how to use a 3D printer and CAD, which paid off.
[17:15.280 --> 17:20.220]  I mean, not paid off, but like was an incredible choice to help support.
[17:21.760 --> 17:26.820]  And David is now teaching all of his students how to use CAD and has multiple 3D printers.
[17:27.600 --> 17:30.600]  Minor correction, he already knew quite a lot about 3D printing, but CAD was new to him.
[17:30.700 --> 17:34.880]  But yes, we were both, we were like helping him learn a lot about how to use the tools we were bringing.
[17:38.820 --> 17:40.080]  So, we didn't know how to fly.
[17:40.280 --> 17:42.020]  We brought this tiny little plane to learn how to fly.
[17:42.220 --> 17:44.180]  And the first time we flew it, we crashed it into a pole.
[17:47.870 --> 17:52.130]  A huge soccer field, and there's those poles with the lights on them, and we crashed it into the pole.
[17:55.670 --> 18:01.930]  But that set us up for learning how to do microsurgery on tiny motors and learn how to fix and service these planes.
[18:04.310 --> 18:12.730]  This is the first time we went to the clinic in Alamos, and David was showing us around the different spaces, and showing us the map on the wall of the communities that they serve.
[18:13.390 --> 18:25.330]  And it was the first day we flew in on a big jet to a bigger city, and then flew on a tiny little jet to another, to Cidad del Obregón, and then drove three and a half hours through Navajoa to Alamos.
[18:25.870 --> 18:29.710]  And we were wearing masks all the time because this was during peak COVID.
[18:29.710 --> 18:35.810]  And we got to the clinic, and we're like, maybe we should do a COVID test.
[18:36.930 --> 18:42.750]  And David takes us into the headquarter room, casually doing a COVID test.
[18:42.990 --> 18:44.990]  And then all of a sudden, like, Dana?
[18:47.230 --> 18:52.410]  Apparently, that one was positive, and we had to go into quarantine.
[18:52.410 --> 19:05.870]  And thankfully, Dr. Betsy, who was the founder of the clinic, had a space in the backyard that could serve as a makeshift quarantine hackerspace.
[19:11.060 --> 19:19.820]  So we set up, and we started immediately printing the plane and diagnosing the motor issues with that little yellow plane so we could test and fly more.
[19:20.820 --> 19:27.480]  Also, my partner from China and I were traveling around, and we had amazing meals every night.
[19:30.520 --> 19:45.560]  Also, Dr. David would come and visit us in Betsy's home, bringing meals as well, and oftentimes included an hour or two of amazing conversations and updates on what we're building and ideas for where to go next.
[19:45.560 --> 19:50.260]  And in those sessions, we were also playing around with CAD and 3D printing.
[19:50.900 --> 19:52.980]  Truly an interesting way to be locked in for quarantine.
[19:53.220 --> 19:55.920]  Like, I don't know what you did for your quarantine, but mine was very interesting.
[20:00.370 --> 20:05.290]  So, this first time in Sonora, we'd never really flown planes successfully.
[20:05.290 --> 20:16.470]  So, we were learning how... learning the importance of a flight checklist and having your tools in certain bags, like a bag of infinite importance that if you don't have, you cannot fly.
[20:16.770 --> 20:26.070]  And basically building up this processes, these methods for being able to fly and execute repeatedly.
[20:26.510 --> 20:31.770]  A hundred things have to go right, just one of them goes wrong, your plane crashes, and then you spend another two weeks to fix it.
[20:33.270 --> 20:37.010]  So, in this case, we were actually flying around 5 p.m.
[20:37.130 --> 20:37.970]  right before dusk.
[20:38.790 --> 20:46.530]  And it was always very stressful trying to get everything in the car and driving there and getting it out and getting everything set up before it gets too dark to be able to fly.
[20:46.790 --> 20:49.490]  And that led to some crashes.
[20:50.950 --> 20:56.070]  But in this case, we managed to get the plane up in the air and land it for the first time.
[20:56.070 --> 21:01.370]  But I didn't quite know about landing with a runway with enough space, so we crashed on the fence.
[21:01.650 --> 21:05.310]  But we learned how to print 3D printed propellers.
[21:05.810 --> 21:10.410]  And that became a very important tool that we used later on.
[21:10.750 --> 21:17.510]  But also, we had never done this before, and we were very concerned about the safety of 3D printed propellers.
[21:17.510 --> 21:18.510]  So we printed them.
[21:18.810 --> 21:21.890]  Dana spent an amazing amount of time to make this model.
[21:22.010 --> 21:30.130]  And then we set it up in the test stand in the backyard with a fence to spin it up to full throttle and make sure it didn't completely shatter upon use.
[21:31.010 --> 21:33.830]  And thankfully, they work great and have been working great since.
[21:35.390 --> 21:41.090]  Which led us to assembling the entire Model T Eclipseon airplane.
[21:43.270 --> 21:44.710]  And do you want to talk about this a little bit?
[21:44.790 --> 21:45.730]  It was really cool.
[21:46.070 --> 21:46.270]  Yeah, sure.
[21:46.370 --> 21:46.930]  It's sort of my baby.
[21:47.190 --> 21:51.450]  It was very surprising when we got it together, and it actually looked more or less like a plane.
[21:52.250 --> 21:55.990]  I don't know how familiar the audience is likely to be with all the different aspects of 3D printing.
[21:56.090 --> 21:57.090]  Probably very familiar, I'm guessing.
[21:58.050 --> 22:00.410]  It's not very straightforward to 3D print an airplane.
[22:00.630 --> 22:02.610]  Usually, you build solid plastic objects.
[22:02.750 --> 22:06.350]  And usually, planes are made of extremely light materials like foam or carbon fiber or whatever.
[22:06.550 --> 22:09.590]  So this is not something you'd really expect to go well.
[22:09.590 --> 22:14.490]  And Eclipseon has pulled some real magic by making these designs that are relatively accessible.
[22:14.710 --> 22:17.330]  You buy the plans, but then you can print them as you wish.
[22:19.850 --> 22:21.930]  And this one came out looking beautiful.
[22:21.930 --> 22:22.710]  It is way too heavy.
[22:22.850 --> 22:26.310]  And I also used the wrong kind of motor, and it immediately burned out and lit a little bit on fire.
[22:27.150 --> 22:29.290]  But it was very much in the right direction.
[22:29.430 --> 22:31.370]  Yeah, the aftermath is visible here.
[22:32.310 --> 22:35.130]  It's very sad to build something so beautiful and crash it right into the ground.
[22:35.250 --> 22:37.010]  But we've learned to be very comfortable with that.
[22:38.750 --> 22:41.030]  But also, it was incredibly zippy.
[22:41.330 --> 22:43.130]  We had a big motor on it, and it just like...
[22:43.710 --> 22:46.290]  Right up in the air, and then right down again.
[22:46.470 --> 22:46.890]  On fire.
[22:47.030 --> 22:47.430]  On fire.
[22:49.710 --> 22:50.550]  It was the wrong motor.
[22:50.990 --> 22:51.670]  But we learned.
[22:51.830 --> 22:57.490]  And also, we learned to not print in PLA, because they will melt in the back of your car in the summer in Mexico.
[23:01.930 --> 23:08.670]  But this was incredibly inspiring and totally catapulted us to develop the next generation 3D printed plane.
[23:08.850 --> 23:12.230]  At the time, Eclipson was still getting ready and still building up.
[23:12.270 --> 23:15.210]  So we were kind of taking their first model and changing it.
[23:15.890 --> 23:20.270]  Dana made this candy-class plane called All One Joy.
[23:20.770 --> 23:22.330]  And we...
[23:22.330 --> 23:24.830]  Actually, the red and white one was named Swiss Miss.
[23:25.110 --> 23:26.370]  Anyway, we had some fun with the naming.
[23:27.410 --> 23:31.110]  In this case, we're trying to put nacelles onto the wings to have two motors.
[23:31.110 --> 23:31.690]  So...
[23:31.690 --> 23:34.070]  And a bigger gliding area.
[23:35.270 --> 23:40.930]  So that we can be able to carry more payload and a hotspot on a phone to be able to service...
[23:41.290 --> 23:43.510]  To be able to allow for those video calls with promoters.
[23:45.710 --> 23:50.550]  But also, we learned how to build and fly and crash these planes.
[23:54.670 --> 23:57.970]  Commercial planes will crash, and you can maybe, like, put the wing back on, and it could be okay.
[23:58.450 --> 23:59.950]  3D printed planes evaporate.
[24:00.750 --> 24:01.810]  Just dematerialize.
[24:02.710 --> 24:04.250]  Which was an environmental concern.
[24:04.750 --> 24:04.810]  True.
[24:04.810 --> 24:10.970]  But what ends up happening is we go and clean up the planes and clean up more than was around from the plane.
[24:11.510 --> 24:13.590]  So we're actually helping clean up.
[24:16.310 --> 24:24.790]  In this case, another shout out to Charles, who was our pilot for these initial flights and just an incredible pilot.
[24:25.010 --> 24:26.350]  Really got us off the ground, literally.
[24:27.470 --> 24:31.350]  So, winter 2022, we go back and we set up a workshop in the clinic.
[24:32.070 --> 24:38.990]  And David, at that time, had moved on to working at a university.
[24:38.990 --> 24:44.310]  And so, brought his students to visit the workspace and inspire them about the project that he's stewarding.
[24:48.530 --> 24:51.130]  And this year, we really learned how to fly.
[24:53.150 --> 24:56.810]  We learned how to land, we learned how to fly, and we had multiple types.
[24:57.030 --> 25:01.310]  We had a cadence of flying every other day, and we wake up at 6 a.m.
[25:02.270 --> 25:05.170]  before dawn, go to this field, and fly.
[25:06.410 --> 25:17.850]  We also fully printed and built the Candy Class plane that Dana was experimenting on during the summer, and flew that as well.
[25:29.210 --> 25:34.830]  So, this was like an incredible success moment of seeing this thing flying overhead of us.
[25:35.410 --> 25:41.870]  We had the first flight actually, it fell apart in the sky and fell down, but the second flight is what you see here.
[25:44.770 --> 25:58.070]  And also, just really incredible to get to know David's family more, going over to their house for meals, and watching their little daughter, Kathy, grow up from being a baby the first time we went, to now walking around and babbling.
[25:59.510 --> 26:08.170]  So, skipping now to 2023, last year, we were now moved into David's University, and working directly with the students.
[26:08.510 --> 26:11.390]  And the students were just absolutely excited about this project.
[26:11.390 --> 26:22.510]  And together, we formed a club, Club Aguilis, and we met with them every other day to build these Model X planes from Eclipse Sun.
[26:23.130 --> 26:31.190]  And this plane was just like, perfectly dropped in our lap, perfect air-framed for this use case, and we started printing them.
[26:31.390 --> 26:33.910]  And at that point, we had learned how to print and build these planes.
[26:36.630 --> 26:37.610]  And it's quite big.
[26:43.610 --> 26:45.590]  This plane is called New York Blue Heron.
[26:46.990 --> 26:49.050]  It's the first of this class that we built in Mexico.
[26:49.830 --> 26:51.470]  The naming sifted to birds.
[26:54.030 --> 26:56.310]  And so, this year was incredible.
[26:56.590 --> 27:01.830]  Working with the students to set up processes, we had three different groups.
[27:01.950 --> 27:05.010]  An operations team, a logistics team, and a technical team.
[27:05.390 --> 27:08.010]  The technical team was responsible for getting planes built.
[27:08.310 --> 27:15.410]  The operations team were responsible for flying and the procedures around flying and making sure everything goes right so the plane gets in the air.
[27:15.410 --> 27:29.250]  And the logistics team were responsible for working with the communities, making connections, learning about the needs and requirements for how to design it and what the communities need for designing the planes and the larger structure as a whole.
[27:29.790 --> 27:40.110]  And so, in this case, Karim right here, incredible operations team lead, learned how to fly, was on a simulator, like getting the plane to land on the red roof of that little simulator game, if you've played it.
[27:40.110 --> 27:47.690]  And we had this checklist to teach, like basically a certification to become a pilot.
[27:48.030 --> 27:54.850]  And here, Karim is finishing the checklist after having flown successfully and landing the little yellow plane.
[27:58.510 --> 28:08.550]  And then he flew the Model X, which was beautiful.
[28:08.550 --> 28:09.650]  Let it run?
[28:09.830 --> 28:10.030]  Great.
[28:10.210 --> 28:10.930]  It was a beautiful moment.
[28:14.500 --> 28:15.820]  Bro, okay, so turn it on now.
[28:15.900 --> 28:16.300]  Pull forward.
[28:16.820 --> 28:17.320]  Yeah, pull.
[28:17.720 --> 28:18.120]  Okay.
[28:19.200 --> 28:20.800]  One, two, three.
[28:26.340 --> 28:26.740]  Woo!
[28:29.880 --> 28:30.860]  You're climbing too high.
[28:31.000 --> 28:31.600]  You're climbing too high.
[28:32.000 --> 28:32.400]  Okay.
[28:32.560 --> 28:33.120]  It's not getting me.
[28:33.680 --> 28:34.040]  Go.
[28:37.480 --> 28:38.280]  Holy shit.
[28:38.820 --> 28:39.180]  Oh.
[28:41.880 --> 28:42.480]  Settle down.
[28:43.040 --> 28:43.160]  Okay.
[28:43.880 --> 28:44.140]  Okay.
[28:45.440 --> 28:46.480]  Well, who heard?
[28:49.320 --> 28:50.920]  So that's how it is down there, basically.
[28:51.220 --> 28:52.380]  We make a lot of planes.
[28:52.460 --> 28:53.940]  You have to build a lot of planes, iterate fast.
[28:54.220 --> 28:55.100]  This is totally okay.
[28:55.560 --> 28:57.840]  This is kind of what we expected to happen.
[28:57.940 --> 28:59.400]  Certainly would eventually happen with every plane.
[28:59.560 --> 29:00.200]  So that's okay.
[29:00.820 --> 29:07.540]  And this was a healthy dose of hubris, because Karim had just flown the husky flawlessly and landed it like no other.
[29:07.640 --> 29:09.760]  And I was just like, how did you do this?
[29:09.900 --> 29:13.380]  It took me time, like, ten times to crash this plane before I learned how to fly, and you just did it the first time.
[29:13.640 --> 29:19.360]  So he was excited, and this kind of put him back in the reality of the situation.
[29:21.620 --> 29:25.400]  Another big win from that first club was teaching Ingrid here how to CAD.
[29:25.400 --> 29:36.680]  And this is a picture of Ingrid demonstrating the servo hodler on one of the wing pieces, and holding it up to the screen, and seeing that it's one-to-one, it works.
[29:37.560 --> 29:43.960]  Yeah, it's one thing to be able to download the plans for these 3D models, and then print them, and that's already a very advanced technical skill.
[29:44.140 --> 29:53.740]  But to make this actually sustainable in situ, I really think that we have to teach people to do all the different aspects of the design process, so they can actually make their own modifications to the models, or their own models.
[29:53.740 --> 29:56.960]  I don't even know how to build a whole plane like this, but they could do that as well.
[29:57.060 --> 30:03.140]  But at least at a minimum, we want them to be able to do things like adapt a different type of motor, to the different size, to the same type of fittings.
[30:03.300 --> 30:05.580]  And so that's what Ingrid has learned to do here.
[30:05.860 --> 30:08.740]  And she's demonstrating that it's exactly the right fit and shape.
[30:09.720 --> 30:11.660]  And so moving on to January this year.
[30:19.550 --> 30:20.270]  Those hands.
[30:22.530 --> 30:24.350]  Just like having the best time with Cathy.
[30:27.590 --> 30:31.390]  So this year, we really ramped up building airframes.
[30:31.730 --> 30:38.050]  And really excited about different materials, PETG, and also a super lightweight PLA.
[30:38.210 --> 30:39.090]  Sorry, not PLA.
[30:39.250 --> 30:39.530]  ASA.
[30:40.330 --> 30:41.570]  Also temperature resistant.
[30:43.730 --> 30:50.830]  And ramping up with the students, learning more about how to service these planes, build them, and do the electronics behind them.
[30:53.630 --> 30:56.990]  This is actually Ernesto, who is the technical team lead.
[30:57.010 --> 31:02.030]  And we were prototyping, learning more about ducted fans, which is a future model coming.
[31:06.960 --> 31:10.020]  So one thing is, we were really excited and building a lot of airframes.
[31:10.240 --> 31:12.640]  But this past year, we were not able to fly.
[31:13.280 --> 31:22.280]  Given the situation around the drone use in Mexico, WDI advised us to not test fly.
[31:22.280 --> 31:25.580]  And so, it became apparent to...
[31:25.580 --> 31:26.340]  Sorry.
[31:26.700 --> 31:28.080]  I skipped ahead a little bit.
[31:28.680 --> 31:31.240]  A special shout-out to Clipson's planes.
[31:31.580 --> 31:37.380]  They since have developed a numerous amount of models and are really taking off.
[31:37.380 --> 31:38.880]  And it wouldn't...
[31:38.880 --> 31:39.460]  This...
[31:39.460 --> 31:42.580]  Our project was supercharged by their models.
[31:43.340 --> 31:46.380]  And definitely, if you're interested in building planes, go check them out.
[31:46.560 --> 31:49.300]  You can buy their model and use it multiple times, print it over and over.
[31:50.000 --> 31:56.680]  And we've since modified and printed many of their planes, many of their Model X planes.
[31:57.400 --> 32:01.480]  So, we have this wall of all the different planes.
[32:01.620 --> 32:02.560]  Because we weren't...
[32:02.560 --> 32:05.040]  We were building up the airframes, weren't able to fly.
[32:05.040 --> 32:06.860]  So, none of them were really getting broken.
[32:07.780 --> 32:12.300]  And we realized that in the next step of this...
[32:12.300 --> 32:16.620]  That our bottleneck to this project is actually forming a nonprofit organization.
[32:16.920 --> 32:23.400]  And interfacing with the city and the hospital and the organizations that are based in Elmos.
[32:23.860 --> 32:29.060]  To be able to start flying maybe at the airport, the local airport there.
[32:29.320 --> 32:32.200]  And working more together with the institutions there.
[32:35.100 --> 32:38.760]  So, our ambition is to set up two different nonprofit organizations.
[32:39.020 --> 32:42.200]  One of them according to the norms, the way that it's typically done in Mexico.
[32:42.420 --> 32:43.360]  Which is an...
[32:43.360 --> 32:44.460]  Never say this word.
[32:44.860 --> 32:45.860]  It's a civil association.
[32:46.460 --> 32:48.900]  Asociacion Civil in Mexico.
[32:49.400 --> 32:51.940]  It will be based in Hermosillo, Sonora.
[32:52.340 --> 32:53.640]  And operations out of Alamos.
[32:53.640 --> 32:59.660]  And then the one that we would set up here would be a 501c3 based out of Somerville, which is where I live.
[32:59.880 --> 33:01.760]  And also operate out of there, legally speaking.
[33:02.600 --> 33:08.820]  And if we do this correctly, we think we'll be able to, like, in a very standard and well-established way.
[33:08.820 --> 33:12.560]  Like, collect donations that are for international research and development use.
[33:12.940 --> 33:14.240]  And transfer across borders.
[33:14.760 --> 33:16.540]  However, we don't have any experience with this yet.
[33:16.540 --> 33:21.740]  And so, we're very excited to talk with all of you who I think have plenty of experience collectively with this type of thing.
[33:21.980 --> 33:24.300]  And so, if you have advice for us, I'd love to talk with you after this.
[33:26.180 --> 33:35.040]  So, here we went to the city house and talked with the mayor, the assistant mayor, and also the head of the education department.
[33:35.040 --> 33:39.800]  And it was very... they were very receptive, very excited, and we're looking forward to collaboration together.
[33:42.960 --> 33:50.140]  I want to play a short video from Dr. David himself, to explain a little bit about the project and his passion for it.
[33:50.480 --> 33:50.860]  Next steps.
[33:52.880 --> 33:53.360]  Hello.
[33:53.360 --> 33:57.480]  Today is August the 13th, 2025.
[33:58.460 --> 34:01.860]  I'd like to thank you for your time and interest in our cause.
[34:01.860 --> 34:04.520]  Your sport means the world to us.
[34:04.780 --> 34:18.500]  And first, I'd like to thank Dana and Jawa for their altruistic efforts and intense work over four seasons of Hackathon sessions.
[34:19.400 --> 34:31.600]  They have inspired young people in our communities to grow professionally and also to believe that nothing is impossible.
[34:31.600 --> 34:32.860]  Thank you guys very much.
[34:35.220 --> 34:39.600]  First, I am going to say that we share common values.
[34:39.900 --> 34:43.260]  We respect the value of the human life.
[34:43.380 --> 34:53.400]  And we believe that the power of science can truly bring harmony between our people, between our communities and peoples.
[34:54.760 --> 35:06.460]  So, today I have the great pleasure to share with you that we are working together, Jawa, Dana, myself, and my students.
[35:06.460 --> 35:24.220]  We are working in putting together, building a civil association to provide healthcare to communities in the state of Sonora that don't have access to community healthcare.
[35:24.220 --> 35:31.700]  Sonora is the second largest state in Mexico with over 70,000 square miles.
[35:33.740 --> 35:35.420]  I live in Alamos.
[35:35.580 --> 35:36.560]  We work in Alamos.
[35:36.640 --> 35:44.140]  And that's the sixth largest municipality with around 2,500 square miles.
[35:44.140 --> 35:55.720]  It has over 300 communities, of which about the 97% of the population lives in rural areas.
[35:56.160 --> 36:06.160]  So, it's very significant that we are working here to try to achieve our goal.
[36:06.160 --> 36:15.200]  And we recognize that every human being has the right to access quality healthcare.
[36:15.620 --> 36:27.240]  And we also believe that in the process of achieving that goal, we could help make possible the right to a livelihood, the right to an education.
[36:27.240 --> 36:36.800]  These are critical rights to the holistic well-being and development of marginalized communities.
[36:37.060 --> 36:46.300]  And believe that we should always try our best to make those a reality.
[36:48.060 --> 37:07.300]  So, I'm happy to announce that starting today, our association, which I'm calling Aquila Oria, which means translate to Golden Eagle, which is our national bird.
[37:11.140 --> 37:29.240]  We are going to be starting to work making this association a laboratory for dreams and a factory of miracles to support the integral development of our community.
[37:29.240 --> 37:39.080]  And in the future, we hope to be able to tackle other core challenges as quickly as our pace allow us.
[37:39.780 --> 37:42.820]  So, thank you so much.
[37:48.410 --> 37:53.050]  So, thank you to Dr. David for recording that for us and allowing us to share it with you.
[37:53.930 --> 38:03.310]  I also wanted to say a thank you to Dr. Elizabeth Pettit, who originally connected me to the project and is a leader of the Clinica ALMAS.
[38:03.310 --> 38:04.450]  So, you heard about it at the beginning.
[38:04.690 --> 38:06.610]  Unfortunately, the Clinica ALMAS no longer exists.
[38:06.790 --> 38:08.110]  It has left ALMAS.
[38:09.070 --> 38:15.350]  But we're still deeply grateful to Dr. Pettit for everything that she did to make this project possible at the beginning.
[38:16.950 --> 38:20.550]  And so, we have ambitions for how we're going to try to organize our thing.
[38:20.730 --> 38:27.990]  I would love to talk with you about how to do organizations and other, like, legal provisions and things like that effectively.
[38:28.490 --> 38:30.090]  So, please talk.
[38:30.090 --> 38:30.910]  Go ahead.
[38:31.230 --> 38:48.450]  But one core idea is that we're trying to set up this organization so that we can involve students from universities around the world and have them fly and come to ALMAS to work with the students at David's school and support from different techniques,
[38:48.650 --> 38:54.190]  different parts of their studies, and develop this people system in the local area.
[38:55.450 --> 39:00.770]  To be a sustaining engine beyond Dana and I's involvement.
[39:03.030 --> 39:06.470]  Yeah, like we can route MIT students to some extent in that direction.
[39:06.630 --> 39:07.510]  We're well-connected there.
[39:07.690 --> 39:11.110]  But we'd love to have involvement from other engineering schools and other types of schools as well.
[39:14.500 --> 39:20.700]  If you'd like to take a look at some really detailed logs of our time in Sonora, it's actually pretty fun to check out.
[39:21.320 --> 39:22.580]  Hopefully, it'll load for you.
[39:23.260 --> 39:24.100]  Did it load?
[39:24.240 --> 39:24.700]  Did not.
[39:36.180 --> 39:36.940]  All the way to the bottom.
[39:42.700 --> 39:43.020]  Nice.
[39:45.520 --> 39:48.140]  So, I get really excited about the cool projects we do.
[39:48.360 --> 39:51.000]  And at the end of every night, I go and write about all of the things we did.
[39:51.000 --> 39:56.520]  And so, if you want to read about it, you can go here and see pictures along with the events of the day.
[39:57.980 --> 40:00.220]  That's at akilaaria.org.
[40:19.080 --> 40:19.520]  All right.
[40:19.640 --> 40:20.380]  That's it from us.
[40:20.460 --> 40:21.400]  So, thank you so much for your attention.
[40:21.560 --> 40:22.440]  And I'm looking forward to your questions.
[40:27.150 --> 40:27.770]  Hey, everybody.
[40:28.170 --> 40:29.550]  Another round of applause for our friends.
[40:36.180 --> 40:38.780]  We have, like, one minute for questions.
[40:38.780 --> 40:40.660]  I really, really apologize for that.
[40:41.120 --> 40:43.140]  If we could get...
[40:43.140 --> 40:45.980]  Friend, if you would like to ask the one and only question.
[40:47.120 --> 40:48.040]  Excellent talk, guys.
[40:48.120 --> 40:48.580]  That was great.
[40:49.340 --> 40:50.700]  Especially the tech development.
[40:50.860 --> 40:56.560]  You started off this talk with a discussion of a case with a young woman or young girl who was stung by a scorpion.
[40:56.860 --> 41:01.400]  And as you know, anti-venoms require strict refrigeration to maintain efficacy.
[41:01.400 --> 41:05.520]  So, I'm curious, you know, if there's plans to...
[41:05.520 --> 41:10.160]  Or if you're looking forward to, like, temperature control or refrigeration as part of...
[41:10.160 --> 41:12.340]  Because that's going to change the weight of what you're dealing with.
[41:12.440 --> 41:16.320]  And also, it opens up to, you know, talking about hemorrhages, right?
[41:16.380 --> 41:18.000]  Because now you can have blood on board.
[41:18.180 --> 41:24.540]  But has that been a consideration, especially with the thermodynamics, the climate you're working against, plus the engine being right there?
[41:24.540 --> 41:25.780]  It's a really good point.
[41:25.940 --> 41:33.020]  So, we are able to achieve a lot with just unrefrigerated, pure delivery of, you know, the stuff at room temperature.
[41:33.560 --> 41:35.960]  For this particular anti-venom, it isn't actually...
[41:35.960 --> 41:37.420]  It doesn't require...
[41:37.420 --> 41:41.940]  It is shelf-stable and it can be mixed with sterile water on site immediately.
[41:42.420 --> 41:42.780]  Yeah, exactly.
[41:43.100 --> 41:46.920]  So, you still have to bring the water to the site, but you can reconstitute it there.
[41:47.000 --> 41:49.440]  You can't assume that sterile water is available.
[41:49.960 --> 41:55.500]  But, yeah, at least thermodynamically, as you're saying, like, we don't have to fight that too much for our near-term objectives.
[41:55.640 --> 42:12.740]  For our longer-term objectives, I think it's a phenomenal idea to establish an actual cold chain, which would be the, like, the series of minus 80 to minus 40 to other, like, freezers that eventually culminate in a, like, foam box that allows you to get cold goods where they need to be at exactly
[42:12.740 --> 42:13.640]  the moment they need to be there.
[42:14.220 --> 42:20.300]  That said, this is, I think, not even within the purview of zipline in what they offer yet.
[42:21.000 --> 42:22.380]  I'm not sure, but...
[42:23.480 --> 42:26.160]  Yeah, they do blood, but it's not frozen, right?
[42:26.220 --> 42:28.680]  Anyway, I'm not sure about the details of what they offer.
[42:28.820 --> 42:32.960]  But I know it's another technical challenge on top of what we've already done.
[42:33.160 --> 42:34.460]  So, yeah, I'm looking forward to challenging that.
[42:34.540 --> 42:36.120]  If you have ideas for us, I'd love to talk.
[42:36.260 --> 42:36.680]  Yeah, we'll talk.
[42:36.920 --> 42:37.140]  Thanks.
[42:38.260 --> 42:45.500]  Yeah, and sorry for the lack of time for questioning, but please find us at a booth in the vending area, and we're happy to talk more about it with you.
[42:45.780 --> 42:46.480]  Thank you very much.