WBAI and Michio Kaku joining us on the morning show and talking about the future of technology. In fact, the future is here. 212-279-3400. If you didn't understand 500-channel cable systems before, maybe you have a slightly better understanding. And if you don't and you didn't hear Michio Kaku talking about it about 7 o'clock this morning, give us a call and you can get a copy of the tape of the show along with his books. 212-279-3400. Please keep the phone calls coming in right now. Okay. And you know the number, 212-279-3400, but it's time for us to get out of here now. I want to thank all of you who've subscribed this morning, who became a part of this listener-sponsored non-commercial radio station, who are going to make it possible that we can continue to broadcast here. And thank you very much for that. If you had any difficulty calling earlier, please call back right now. Coming up next is Emanuel Goldstein. Don't forget it's 7 p.m. tonight. Ivan Van Surdem. Professor Ivan Van Surdem will talk about blacks in the field of science and invention. And at 8 o'clock, he'll be followed by Michio Kaku, plus a whole lot of interesting things today. So, please stay tuned. My name is Bernard White. I'm Amy Goodman. And until next time, stay strong and pay close attention. This is Emanuel Goldstein. And this is also WBAI New York. And you know, as a token of how much this place means to me, I've dragged myself up out of bed at this ungodly hour for me, anyway, 9.34 in the morning. Usually the program off the hook is on the air Wednesday nights at 10 p.m. But today, today is a very special day. Today is the first of WBAI's marathon. First day of WBAI's marathon. And we want this to be a big day in our history. We're going to be talking about all kinds of fascinating bits of technology and things that will affect you. Whether you want them to or not, we'll be answering questions and raising some issues that you might know about, and again, you might not know about it. But odds are, most people around you don't know about them. If you're on your way to work, you might not want to go today. You might want to sit and listen to your radio all day long because it's going to be fascinating. This is not the kind of thing you hear on any other radio station. Stay tuned. Off the hook is around the corner. I hope that's understood. Bundle it up. You know, it used to be so simple. It used to be that we just had our rotary dial telephones to connect us to a limited number of places and people. But now, you know, now it's become so difficult, so complicated. You have different long distance companies. You have different services, banking by phone, ATM machines, computers, networks. The list just never seems to end, and they just keep coming up with more things every day. Every day, something new, ISDN around the corner, videotapes. No, no more videotapes. You simply choose your movies from your house. You never even have to go out anymore. When you go to the grocery store, everything is logged, and people know what it is you like to buy, and you'll get junk mail. Oh, but you won't get it in the mail. You'll get it on your computer popping up on your screen saying what it is that you like to eat and drink, because they know, because they keep track of everything. And it's all logged. Well, is it the future, or is it the present? We don't really know. In some places, it's kind of mixing between the two. But we're going to hash out some of the questions, answers today, and a lot of concerns that many of you have expressed over the past couple of years, as long as this program has been on the air. We're on the air at a special time today because of the WBAI Marathon, and we are, of course, asking for your support. And as a token of our appreciation for this place, the good people at 2600 Magazine, the Hacker Quarterly, have donated subscriptions and T-shirts to the station as part of the fundraiser here. Now, we are computer hackers. We are those evil people that infiltrate computer systems and cause all the chaos that you're told about on the evening news, but it's not quite the way you're told about on the evening news. You know, it's like everything that you see on the news, they get certain fundamental facts wrong. And one of the things that we're going to try to do here is right those wrongs, let you know how things really are, and let you know just what computer hackers are all about. A lot of people have fear. A lot of people have fear of just about anything unknown, but computer hackers in particular represent something that is scary, represents technology out of control, something that we don't understand that is controlling our everyday lives. Take, for example, the phone company. The phone company does not understand their own system. And if you don't believe it, just call them and ask them a question. They won't be able to give you a straight answer. They'll give you the wrong answer, but computer hackers do understand, and that's part of the problem in the phone company's eyes. These computer hackers are going around not only getting into their computer systems, but worse, worse than that, spreading information, spreading information at meetings, over the telephone, ironically enough, in magazines, and now on radio stations. You know, they just keep getting bolder and bolder. And in a moment, you're going to meet one of the premier hackers of the world, and we'll tell you what's going on in other parts of the globe. But for now, we do want you to give us a call and pledge your support. For a pledge of $75, you can get a full year of 2600 Magazine, which is really the primary voice of computer hacking in the world. It comes out four times a year, 48 pages of all kinds of information, and we'll go into some of that over the next couple of hours, because a lot of it is causing some controversy in and of itself. Some legal papers are being filed even as we speak, I think. And also, in addition to that one year of 2600 Magazine, a 2600 T-shirt, which no doubt will make you the subject of all kinds of attention, some of it wanted, some of it unwanted. Those two items come with your support of WBAI 212-279-3400. Give us a call and pick up those particular things and start the process of learning about something that will affect you, whether you want it to or not. Stay tuned. You can get it if you really want, you can get it if you really want, you can get it The fact is, anything is within our reach. We just have to know enough to want it, and the same holds true for all these new gimmicks that are coming out. You know, they're gimmicks. They're meant for people maybe not like you. They're meant for the businessmen. They're meant for the privileged, but you know you have the right to take it. You have the right to reach out and grab things as they come at you. It's not stealing. It's learning. Yes, stealing tangible objects is, of course, stealing, but reaching out to learn something cannot be considered stealing. Reading books, trading information, asking questions, these are all healthy things. These are all things that we are put on this earth to do. And that's part of what we do here at WBAI, and that's part of what every good computer hacker does. And speaking of good computer hackers, we have live on the phone from Amsterdam one of the world's, I guess, most dangerous hackers in the world, in the eyes certainly of Interpol and the NSA and all those kind of people, Rob from Haktik, the editor of Haktik magazine, which is the Dutch equivalent of 2600. Rob, are you there? Yeah, I'm here. Hello there. How are you? Now, you have quite an event coming up this August in Amsterdam. This is something that's going to be involving hackers all over the world. Perhaps you could share the information for the first time, I might add, with the general public of New York, or really any part of the United States on a major radio station, I believe. Let's break the story right here. Yeah. We're organizing an event called Hacking at the End of the Universe, and it's really unique in its kind because it's going to bring together lots of hackers, in other words, people that are interested in exploring computer technology, there's going to be phone freaks, people that enjoy playing with the phones, as you may know. And there's also going to be people that come from Dutch law enforcement, which has recently started to crack down on hacking and phone freaking. I'll talk about that a little bit more later. But we're going to bring together a lot of different people, people from the Dutch computer industry and people from all over the world. And this Congress is going to take place, and this is where it really gets interesting, it's going to take place on a large campground where almost everybody's going to stay in tents. And then we have a large building where some of the computers are, but if you want, it's going to be very sunny. This is the start of August, which is always very warm in Holland. And we can even bring Ethernet to your tent if you want. So we are hooked up to all these international computer networks like the Internet, and you can be connected to it from your tent. Now this is reminiscent of, except for the tents, of course, for the Galactic Hacker Party of 1989. How is it going to be different from that? It's going to be the same in some ways that some of the topics that we are discussing and the stresses that we put on certain things are going to be the same, but the setting is going to be different. Now as far as the international scene, could you describe that for the, there are some people listening this morning, I'm sure, that have not heard of hackers from the hacker point of view. Who are these people, and how do they have the audacity to meet in public areas? Well, up until, let's say, half a year ago or a year ago, hacking wasn't really viewed as anything dangerous in Holland, but of course the big corporate world caught up with this tiny island of freedom out there on the other side of the ocean, and Holland had to adopt laws to ban hacking, to ban looking around in computer systems without breaking something. Like there's this group of people here in Holland that is just hanging around in university computers and going from one computer to the next and trying to find ways to connect between computers that aren't directly connected, and well, that's now illegal even here in Holland, even though these people are not, I mean, breaking things, deleting files, changing files has always been a criminal offense here in Holland, but just looking around was not, and now it is as well. And I think that's not a very good development, because the hacking world and the computer security world here were closely linked, people knew each other, and the whole thing was fairly open, and my fear is that that's all going to disappear. Now, when did things actually begin to change? We've talked to you a couple of times over the years, and Holland has always been kind of the last bastion of freedom for those people that were exploring computer systems, so now things seem to be a lot more restrictive, but when did it actually happen? Hello? Yeah, we're getting loud clicks on the line, it's the BAI phone system here, but when did things begin to change? When did things begin to change, well, about after the Galactic Hacker Party, the Dutch government said that they intended to make hacking illegal, and it took them until 1992 to put any real effort behind it to get it through Parliament and everything, this new computer crime law that they have adopted. And at the time that they were making the last moves, you also saw articles in tabloid newspapers of dangerous hackers doing lots of damage to systems, which later all turned out to be nonsense, but because they influenced the public at large, there was no real trouble in getting these laws through Parliament, and now we're facing the situation where one of our staff members of the magazine was just held for 38 days for just hanging around in university computer systems doing no damage whatsoever. So it seems like, you know, it's hard to say, but an element of fear and suspicion seems to have taken root over there, and I guess you got a lot of that from us, didn't you? Well, a lot of the initial hacker paranoia started because the internet was being hacked a lot from Holland in, I guess it was 1990, 1991, and some places on the military network were being hacked from Holland, and that caused a lot of angry reaction from the US public opinion. Uh-huh. Now, what is the Dutch public opinion, though, of hackers? Well, it has changed over the last few years. Dutch public opinion used to see hackers as, well, people that were exploring computer systems and that could potentially tell them where the mistakes were. We had very good PR going for up to one and a half, two years ago, but the nice thing is that it's beginning to change the other direction again. We are not just getting bad press anymore. We have been for the last one and a half years. But people see that it's ridiculous to lock up somebody for 38 days for basically just hanging around. Now, as far as that particular person who was detained for 38 days, what has the reaction been to that? Is that likely to be a catalyst for some sort of a change? Yes, it is. I spoke to the people at the university that helped in his apprehension, and they're just system administrators trying to do their job, but they told me that they are not going to participate in apprehending hackers if this is what happens to them. They don't view hacking that seriously. They see it as a nuisance, and they definitely don't see it the way I see it, but they don't want to participate in locking somebody up for a month plus for something like this either. They don't see it that seriously. So the police is basically biting themselves because they are reacting so fiercely to it that they're alienating the people that should be helping them in apprehending the hackers. That's never a good thing to do. We haven't seen much of that kind of thing over here. There seems to be a lot of ignorance on all fronts here with the universities, the law enforcement, and even the public to a large degree because of the media. They all seem to be affected by one another. Now, you've got a fairly good way of reaching out to the media and to the public. Do they listen to you over there? That's beginning to change, as I said. We've had fairly bad press for about a year and a half, but now people are beginning to see... Well, it's hard not to see that something is wrong if you see somebody locked up for looking around in a public computer system and then hearing stories from him where he sees murderers, rapists, bank robbers go in and then go out three days later and new ones come in. I mean, he's seen like ten generations of people that stab other people go in and out of prison while he was there. That is shocking. It's really hard to imagine how people could consider hackers to be criminals of the sort that rapists and murderers would be, but there are people that believe that. I'm sure there's people listening now that actually think all hackers should be locked away because they're dangerous people. What would you say to somebody like that? Sorry? What would you say to somebody that believes hackers are actually dangerous people? You say it's hard to believe that people see hackers as dangerous criminals. I don't find that hard to believe at all. If you look at society as becoming more and more computerized and more and more dependent on information technology, then people that understand the information technology better than the government are dangerous, very, very dangerous in the eyes of the government. The government is using the media to portray this fear and they're using very simple techniques. If you have a hacker that can break into computer systems, all you need to tell the media is, well, imagine what this guy could have done if he broke into a hospital computer system. Your child with cancer could have been radiated with ten times the normal dose. And there you go. The general public says, yeah, these guys are dangerous, hang them, hang them. It's very easy. The emotions being played out, the tricks that are being played are very cheap and very easy, but I do understand the genuine fear at the sight of the government or the people in power, whether you believe that's the government or not. Well, you know, I find that it's easy to overcome those fears if you become educated, if you start talking to people and become part of the forum yourself, whether it be by participating in the Internet, going to a hacker meeting, calling in on the radio and asking questions. I think people will find that hackers are generally very open with information and that's, of course, one of the reasons why they're considered so dangerous. But as you said, most of it is what if, what if somebody had done this to the hospital computer system. I remember one time back in the Martin Luther King Day AT&T crash a couple of years ago, it was said from the very beginning that it was a software glitch, it had nothing to do with hackers. And I remember one of the trade magazines, I'm not sure if it was Information Week or Communications Daily, they all confused me with their titles, but they put out an editorial saying something to the effect of, well, it wasn't caused by a hacker, but it could have been, and therefore we have to make the laws stronger so that the penalty for this kind of thing will be even stricter. Something that wasn't even caused by a hacker and they want to penalize people even more for it. It seems to me that stealing is always going to be stealing, vandalism is always going to be vandalism, crime is easily defined. So when you add the computer aspect to it and say, well, if you used a computer, you committed a worse crime, I think that's simply going to make people afraid of computers, make people suspicious of technology, and it's a very unhealthy thing. However, if you want to keep technology out of the hands of the have-nots, then that's exactly the path that you will choose to lead if you're a government official. By making somebody totally afraid of something and totally uncomprehensive towards it, it's a very good way of making sure that they don't mess around with it. Sure. There has to be a myth surrounding it. Take computer fraud, the term in itself. We had, what was it, 15, 20 years ago, people committing fraud by using the book that they wrote down the company figures in, and they did it in pencil instead of in pen, and then they erased it and put new figures in by pen, and then they could steal money that way from the company. Now, this same person, not by his own will, because he hated the things at first, this same person has a PC on his desk, and five years down the road, he found out, hey, this is really much easier. I can erase figures much easier, change them much nicer. This thing is a much nicer tool for my fraud. And suddenly this person is a computer criminal. This person has to be treated in a completely new way. We need new laws to treat him. No, we don't. It's the same old person doing the same old fraud, he's just using the tool that's in front of him. When we gave him a pen and a pencil, he used a pen and a pencil, and when we gave him a PC, he used his PC. And now they're trying to tell us that we need a whole new ethics and a whole new way of thinking to combat this new type of crime. That's no new type of crime. It's always been there, it will always be there. Crime really doesn't tend to change, the devices for committing crime changes, but that doesn't change the actual crime in itself. I found that the vast majority of hackers, and I know quite a few of them, have a good sense of values. They know what is right, they know what is wrong, and that doesn't come from anything but your upbringing, your society values that are instilled into you. Somebody on a computer system is not going to suddenly lose that sense of values if they're wandering around in some huge corporate machine. One thing that always comes up in these discussions and debates and things like that are the analogies, the inevitable analogies of, well, I don't want somebody walking around inside my house. How do you respond to those analogies, as far as breaking into computer systems? I usually respond to them by saying, a university computer is like a university library, it's not like your personal house. And I'd like breaking into a university computer to be treated like breaking into the university library and just reading books. If you're not breaking anything, and if you do, it has to be treated like breaking into the university library and destroying books. But it shouldn't be treated like breaking into somebody's house, because it is not, in the case of internet-connected main computers of universities. They are public facilities, students are allowed to log in there, students are allowed to walk into that place, which makes it a public place owned by the university, in the case of that type of systems. It's interesting too, when you mention that it's not like breaking into a house, it's strange how hackers have gotten this image of not respecting people's privacy, when in actuality I think computer hackers respect people's privacy more than anybody else because they're so aware of how fragile it is and how easy it is to manipulate and corrupt. In fact, hackers have been the leading proponents of encryption, of ways of sending mail back and forth so that other people cannot read it, ways of scrambling telephones so that other people cannot listen in to you. All of those things are very, very possible today. People are constantly listening in, there's more ways to listen in on phone calls today than ever before, there's more ways to intercept mail today, undetected, than ever before. And hackers know this, hackers know how to prevent this and hackers know what kind of things to push for, however they're not being given credit for that and rather they're being thwarted in those efforts by government, among other concerns, that want to be able to continue to monitor, eavesdrop, listen in. I just think it's very ironic that these people, the hackers, are the ones being cast as the people that don't care about privacy, in actuality they know a lot about privacy and if it were in their hands I think we'd all be a lot better off. Yeah, well, I don't know if you've discussed this with your listeners, but there's this hideous plan by the US government to market a chip called the Clipper chip. Yes, in fact we have been talking about that and I should point out that in about an hour, around 11 o'clock, we're going to be speaking with Phil Zimmerman, who developed PGP, which is an encryption program that's causing a bit of a stir in the US government, among other places, so we'll be talking to him in about an hour, but yes, Rob, I'm kind of concerned as to what your reaction to the Clipper chip was. Well, the Clipper chip, I'll explain it briefly because you're going to go into all this much further with Phil Zimmerman, I'm sure. The Clipper chip is a device that the US government is going to offer to people that want secure encryption, because right now there is no real secure encryption algorithm that is allowed for use by private people in the United States, because the only encryption that is officially government certified is DES, the Data Encryption Standard, but over the last 10 years, people have come to realize that it has been made faulty from the beginning by the National Security Agency, just to be able to listen in to conversations and digital secrets that are being kept. So right now, what they're doing is they're developing a chip that is more secure, but they're keeping the keys themselves. So two separate agencies that still have to be set up are keeping the keys. So if somebody is using a pair of these chips to communicate, these chips are also sending their serial numbers, and if they have a wiretap license or there is an intelligence reason for tapping the phone conversation or whatever, then they can get the two halves of the keys at these two agencies and listen in to the conversation anyway. Which means you can have secure encryption, but you shall not use encryption to keep secrets from your government, because that is what they fear. They fear that if they don't come up with a standard, somebody else will, and it may be a standard that they're not able to listen in to. And their next move is going to be to make encryption illegal, and they've been preparing that move for quite a while, and they're going to use the argument, well, what if drug dealers use encryption? We need to be able to listen in to their communication. So what they're going to do is they're going to make all other forms of encryption illegal. So it's a necessary move to make encryption impossible, is to supply their own form of encryption that is sort of secure against, well, what is it, business espionage, that type of thing. That's something that's definitely a cause for concern, because what happens when that day arrives? Do you think that day is far away where they'll actually say encryption is illegal? Well, it's kind of pointless to develop this chip and to set up these agencies and to do all this work if somebody can just buy another chip and do it in a form of encryption that is secure, and that they do have to go through a lot of trouble for to crack it. But I'm going to ask this of Phil later on in the program, but how in the world are they going to be able to prevent somebody from encrypting a file? How are they going to be able to do that? If I want to send you a message on the Internet and I encrypt it in a particular way, am I going to be arrested for, and how are they going to know that I'm using a program like that? Well, they can just try to decrypt it, and if they can't decrypt it, you must be encrypting it. And if you're encrypting it and you're not, and the data stream does not contain the serial number for your Clipper chip, it means you're using an illegal encryption technique. And yes, that is going to be illegal. It's the only way, it's the only way they have to keep their privilege of listening into everybody's secrets. Well, you know, those words are probably the scariest I've heard in a long time, that they're actually going to attempt something like that. And I can't say for sure that I'm 100% convinced that they are going to do that, because it just seems like such a losing proposition for the government to try that. Well, would you buy the Clipper chip if law allowed you to use an encryption algorithm that the government could not listen into? I think even companies would rather have an encryption algorithm that had no backdoor than an encryption algorithm that only the government had the backdoor to. I think even commercial people would rather buy something else if they had the choice. So the logical conclusion is that you can only market the Clipper chip if you take away the choice. In other words, all other means of encryption are going to be illegal. Yeah, but you don't take away the freedom of choice to make something succeed in the marketplace. You know, something has to win out because it's a superior product, because it's cost-effective. You don't simply... No, no, no, no, no, no, no. You just scare the public by saying, look, we found this one drug dealer, and he's using this encryption program called PGP, and he's encrypting his communication, and therefore he's poisoning your children with all these hideous chemicals, and we cannot do anything about it because he's hiding all his evidence with this hideous program called PGP, and all this could be stopped if we just make it illegal. Well, that's certainly something we have to keep an eye out for. What do you suggest for people that aren't technologically inclined? What should they be watching for here? What do you mean, what should they be watching for? How does somebody that's not as active as the two of us, as far as computer hackers and things like that, how do they have any input in this? How do they follow the news? What do they look out for? They should look into the existing encryption programs and read what is being written about them, because quite a lot is being written about them on public forums, on the internet and elsewhere, on computer networks. Well, I guess what I'm asking is, somebody, say, that doesn't really have a need for encryption right now, someone that maybe doesn't even have a computer, should they even be concerned about this? Is this something that's going to affect other people besides us? Well, it affects everybody's right to keep secrets. If you don't feel you need the right to keep secrets ever, then this doesn't concern you, really. Uh-huh. And I guess it boils down to, if you believe that only guilty people keep secrets, and if you want every single aspect of your life to be on display, if you believe what Ed Meese said about only the guilty having something to hide, and everybody else should not have anything to worry about, it's, you know, it's... I'm sorry. It's hard to overcome with emotion over there. But these are hard decisions, hard questions to ask. And folks, they do concern all of us, not just those of us in the computer world. This is... We're talking about freedom of speech here. We're talking about the future, and it's going to be decided electronically, because that's where we're headed. Rob, I want to thank you very much for being on the show today, and also give the information again about the Hacker Event in August in Amsterdam and how people can get over there. The Hacker Event in August is called Hacking at the End of the Universe, and it's happening the 4th, the 5th, and the 6th of August here in Holland. And they can get in touch with us by dialing Country Code 3-1, City Code 2-0, and then the number 6-0-0-1-4-8-0. So that... I'll repeat that. Country Code 3-1, City Code 2-0, and then the number is 6-0-0-1-4-8-0. Okay, just stick an 0-1-1 in front of that and a pound sign at the end, and they'll probably go through real speedy-like. Yeah. Okay. And the actual date's again? The actual date, it's 4th, 5th, and 6th of August. And the total cost is about... What is it these days? $60? A hundred Dutch guilders for the three days. That does not include your travel expenses. You can stay at our place in your own tent. What else does it include? You can go to the lectures. We have... We are organizing some public panel discussions. There's interesting workshops. Well, everything you can imagine, really. Okay. And just a good way to meet the hackers and find out what it's all about. Yeah. This transmission is coming to you approximately halfway between the Moon and the Earth. McDonnell Mathers. Hior HER. I'm sorry to bother you now. I'm on a special diet so I can't have some foods, but I wanted to take some McDonald's for a while now. Could you possibly tell me, uh, what exactly goes into a Big Mac? Okay. On a Big Mac, it has the beef, the, um, hamburger meat, right? Uh-huh. And it has a special sauce. It has a special sauce with onions and lettuce and two pickles and a slice of cheese. Now, do you know what the special sauce is, sister? Um, could you hold on for one second? Yeah, I can hold on. Alright. Hold on for a second. Oh, hi. He wants to know what the Mac sauce is made of. Well, now, wait. That ain't, that ain't that. No, it's not. He's saying that they were customers of his. Wait a minute. No, he can't do that? That's not required information for us to be giving out to people now. Right. Alright. He said he's on a special diet. He can't eat. Oh, wait. What, what, what can't he eat? Why don't you ask him what he can't eat and if it's there, then that's how we'll do it. Okay. Right? Hello, um, what can you not eat? Well, I'm supposed to have low-sodium foods with, like, not a lot of salt. Uh-huh. And I can't have things with iodine. Uh-huh. Or glycerin. Uh-huh. Or hypoglycerates. Hypo, hypoglycerates? Yeah. Uh-huh. Well, you can, you can have a Big Mac, then. Okay. Thank you very much. The number you have reached, one, has been changed. The new number is two. Please make a note of it. Please repeat. The number you have reached has been changed. The new number has been disconnected. The number you have reached has been disconnected. You'll be up to date on all the hacker news and all the new technology that's going on. Big Brother events. Oh, Big Brother is everywhere. Registering what videos you take out. Logging your phone calls. Keeping track of your computer messages. Decrypting. Just watching through the cameras. 24 hours a day. But you can be one up on Big Brother by knowing where he is. By knowing when he's likely to strike next. And maybe by being able to do something about it. 212-279-3400 Also, I should point out Ghost in the Machine with Victoria Starr will be back after our fundraiser. So for all those tuning in for that particular program, it's coming back. Have no fear. Alright, time for some news. And there's always news. This is something we mentioned last week. And we feel we should get a little bit more detail. The Chinese government has said that it has executed convicted hacker Xi Biao. As a warning to others that computer crime does not pay. That's right, things can always get worse. Biao, who worked as an accountant at the Agricultural Bank of China. Embezzled more than 122,000 pounds over three months in 1991. By forging bank deposit slips. He was caught when he and an accomplice tried to transfer some of the money to the province of Shenzhen in southern China. Well, you know, I think it's wrong to execute somebody for that kind of a crime. But I also think it's wrong to call them a hacker. Because stealing money really doesn't have anything to do with hacking. Now maybe figuring out how to do it, that might be a clever hack in itself. But stealing is still stealing. Make no mistake about that. 212-279-3400 is our telephone number. Please give us a call and show your support. In other news. Actually, this is kind of like an offering. Something that maybe a couple of you out there might be interested in. The San Diego Computer Fair of 1993 is looking for the most awful. Woeful tale of abuse suffered by a human at the hands of a computer. Think you might qualify? The suffering human will win a weekend in beautiful San Diego to try and forget that horrible episode in his or her life. Send your 1,000 word submission to Computer Nightmare Contest. Computer Edge Magazine. PO Box 83086. San Diego, California. 92138. The worst tale of abuse suffered by a human at the hands of a computer. Well, I'm sure this story is out there and we always welcome your cards and letters telling us what's being done. What's happening. How people are being victimized. Whether it be by caller ID or TRW. We'll be talking a little bit about caller ID too this hour. We always do. It's a favorite topic around here. Here's a submission to the Risk Digest. Concerning caller ID, the other evening I received a number from an upset woman. Actually, this person meant I received a call. I imagine that's what he's trying to say. It appears that her caller ID box told her she had just received a call from my number. The only call I had made that evening yielded me a pizza and the number did not resemble hers. I did not ask her to describe the call because she seemed upset, but I gather I would not have wanted to be accused of making it. Does anybody know whether this happens often? Does the caller ID report include an error check? Are all boxes required to verify this check? Well, right now, I don't know if there is such a check. The data is sent across in a 1200 baud stream of data that comes after the first ring. So if you're able to listen in on that somehow, you will hear the data. We're going to be broadcasting a sample of that next week on the program. And that's really how it is transmitted, how it's interpreted. That's really up to the machine that you have connected to the other end. So we're still learning about that and as we learn more, we'll share the information. We're looking for all kinds of caller ID stories and stories about the new phone company features that have recently been introduced in our area. Have been in New Jersey for quite some time. And what is fair and what is not fair about that? Okay, what else is happening? Well, this is a story that has hit the papers recently. Everyone knows you're supposed to be very careful about not revealing your PIN number for your ATM card. But how are you supposed to stop this new trick? At the Buckland Hills Mall in Manchester, Connecticut last week, some scam artist installed a fake ATM machine. That's right, a fake ATM machine. They had negotiated with the mall, pretending to be bank officials. And they had gotten permission to install this ATM machine. Apparently, they even got the phone company to come in and lay down some lines. Then they installed an ATM machine that they had stolen. It was programmed to read off the account numbers, remember the PIN as it was typed, then claim some kind of error and refuse to give out money. They left the machine in the mall for a week, collecting PINs. Then they came back, took the machine back to, quote-unquote, repair it. And since then, they've printed up new cards and they've been using the PINs to siphon off money all over the country. As far away as Florida, from what I understand, and it's still going on today. Fake ATM machines. You just can't be too careful, can you? How about this? Those of you that do your banking by phone. If you use an automated telephone transaction system to do your banking, you may be interested in this particular experience. This contributor says he dialed in and was connected to a session in progress that belonged to another user who probably hung up after receiving whatever information he or she requested. Now, this person could have transferred all of their money into his account. It could have been done, and it would not have been very difficult. This contributor writes, I would like to suggest to anyone using these types of services, including voicemail services, to back all the way out of the system before hanging up. Some systems allow you to disconnect using a command of some sort before hanging up, but many do not. My banking system does not allow me to disconnect without hanging up, but it does allow me to back out of the menus until I reach the main menu, which prompts me for user password before proceeding. From now on, I'm going to make sure I back out to that level before hanging up. It's a scary world out there, folks. Scary world. People can transfer your money over the phone. People can transfer your money over the phone. People can capture your ATM cards, and your PINs. And once they have that information, they can get your social security number. And then, there's nothing they can't find out about you. Your privacy is a very sacred thing, but something that is very hard to maintain. Well, we have no secrets here. We're sharing the information that we get as we get it. And we're passing it all around to listeners and to readers and people like that. And all we ask is a little support in exchange. 212-279-3400 We've got a couple of things to demonstrate here, and then we will we will get back to other things. We talk about certain terminologies, and it's important, I think, to define our terms. To tell people what it is that we're talking about. When we mention certain magic tones and certain methods of doing things, it's important that we explain exactly what it is we're talking about. So, today, we're going to do just that. Yes, we're going to do just that. Okay. In your telephones are capabilities of doing all kinds of incredible things that you've never been told about. For obvious reasons, some not-so-obvious reasons. For instance, do you know that every touch-tone phone has extra keys? Okay, let's take a listen to this. Now, that wasn't what I wanted to hear. Let's listen to this. Regular touch-tones, you know? Some of you might be able to even tell what these are, but I'll go across the rows. 1-2-3 4-5-6 7-8-9 Star Yeah, star, zero, pound. Now, everybody has four extra keys. But they don't know they have these four extra keys. It takes a little bit of wiring to get them to come out, but the touch-tone pad is actually a 4x4 grid. Here are the four extra keys, which would show up on the on the rightmost column going down, and they're called A-B-C-D. This is what they sound like. A B C and D. A little bit higher. Let's try it one more time. See, the touch-tone pad is actually A-B-C-D. See, the tones are just a little bit higher. And those are known as silver box tones. Now, what are silver box tones used for? Well, not much. Not much yet, anyway. But your telephone has the capability of using these particular tones and of doing nice, magical things. Imagine how secure, for instance, your voicemail system or your answering machine would be if your access code was one of those four digits. Nobody would be able to get into that because nobody has those tones. It's very very hard to imagine why they're not installed on our telephones. But the capability is certainly there. And if you are in the business of designing telephones, you might want to consider putting those numbers back in. Four extra digits. Think of it. Of course, when you play tones for people, they naturally assume that they're illegal, that there's something wrong with that. There's probably people out there now that think we've broken some sort of law by playing those tones over the air, but that's technophobia. Plain and simple. All right. A couple of other more, I guess, I guess you'd call these evil tones. All right. Here's an evil tone that's a favorite among quite a few people. Anybody know what this is? Anybody know what this is? That's a 2600 Hz tone. 2600 Hz tone. A lot of people ask why the magazine is called 2600. Well, years ago, before the advent of SS7 and all the sophistication of the modern era, if you made a long-distance phone call and you did this, apart from all the static, you would actually seize a long-distance trunk. That's right. You'd seize a long-distance trunk and you'd be able to control it. And magically, the billing computer would not take notice of any of it. So that's how phone freaks got their start. That's how they would begin freaking, as the term is called. Freaking with a PH. So that's a 2600 Hz tone. And then, by pressing a couple of other keys, they were able to manipulate their way around. Let's see if we can actually show you what that means. Okay, by doing that, they would be able to press MF tones, multi-frequency tones, and make sounds kind of like this. And you probably have heard these in the old days, these particular tones. Take a listen. Okay, that's basically what you have is your KP tone, which begins a string, the telephone number, and then it finishes off with a start tone. And that's how the actual phone company process calls. And if you hit the 2600 Hz, followed by that particular string, you could route a call anywhere in the world. Plain and simple. We have a old-time phone freak slash hacker, one of the original people of 2600 magazine. Dave, welcome. Oh, good morning, Emmanuel. I heard you playing my tone. Yeah. It's a magical sound, isn't it? It's what a lot of people are afraid of, that sound. People who work in the phone company, certainly, but for a lot of other people it evokes fond memories of past days. And you know, I should stress that this is not about stealing service or things like that. This is about exploration, figuring things out. And I can explain what I mean by that. Dialing certain numbers and finding operators that you've never even heard of. An inward operator. What's an inward operator? You know, you could wander around the internal mechanisms of the phone system for quite a while. Exploring. I mean, imagine finding operators, finding tones and people who you never knew existed. Finding these strange people who existed in cavernous telephone company offices. Yeah. Who only responded to these strange tones and you weren't supposed to dial them. You could make their phone ring. Simple as that. And sometimes they're very happy to make their phone ring. They're very happy to hear from somebody. Very lonely job. I'll say. So that's what those tones are. Magical tones. The magical tones that a phone freak uses. And this is a tone that I think a lot of people need to hear because it's something that is such an incredible scandal. Such an incredible... Sorry? It's an enigma. Well, yeah. Sorry about that, too. But it's... It's unbelievable how long this has lasted. Simply by holding this particular device up to the microphone here and playing it over the radio, it enables people to make free phone calls. It's that simple. Just by these little beeps. And take a listen. And I'm sure you'll recognize what these beeps are. No, you won't because it didn't work. Let's try that again. Okay. We hit that. Here we go. No, it didn't work this time, either. I don't know why it's not working. Sometimes we have problems. Okay, that's why it didn't work. Let's try this. Okay. That particular sound is what is known as actually five Redbox tones. What a Redbox is is a simple way of defeating any payphone, any 9X or New Jersey Bell payphone. When it asks you for money, all it's really listening for and the computer is quite happy when it hears these tones. That's a quarter. Five of them is a quarter. Music to my ears. That's a dime and that's a nickel. That's all it is. Now, you may say to yourself, well, you know, it's horrible that these kids are wandering around the streets making all these fraudulent calls and ripping off the phone company. And, you know, there's something to be said for that. You know, stealing is always stealing. But you have to ask yourself, you know, how much stealing does the phone company itself do? Quite a bit. Ask yourself that. They charge you for touch tones. In New Jersey, they charge you to block call waiting. They charge you for whatever it is they feel they can get away with. Now, I'm going to prove something here. I'm going to prove why this is a problem. Let's see if we can get a dial tone. Okay, we've got a dial tone here. Now, let's see if we can actually get an operator. A New York Telephone operator. New York Telephone. Mrs. Hasfield, may I help you? Yes, hello. I'm trying to find out something about rates. Rates, we are local or long distance? Actually, these are long distance rates. Okay, hold on for the operator. Thank you. One moment for a long distance operator who can assist you. This ought to be fun. Welcome to Metro Media Operator Services. Please enter the area code and telephone number you are calling. Well, you see, this doesn't help us much at all, now does it? Please hold. Your call is being transferred to a live operator. Oh, joy. Well, you know, somehow I have the feeling this company isn't going to be able to help us. Metro Media Operator Carol, may I help you? Yes, I'm trying to find information about payphone rates. Payphone rates? Yes, I asked my local operator for long distance and they gave me you. Okay, sir. For payphone rates, it's very weird, but the person has to be on that payphone. There's a dial number, area code number they want, and then the operator will speak the amount that they have to pay because it's different from the payphone rate. Okay. All right. Well, thank you very much for your help. Thank you for calling Metro. Oh, boy. So that's how you find out how much it costs. You make a call from a payphone. Boy, you know the genius that they excrete on these telephone calls. Obviously, we're not going to get the information that way, so is there another number we can call AT&T direct at? We can dial 102-88-0. No, we can't do that here. It's blocked. How about that 800 number? Yeah, I think we can ... Let's give it a whirl. Yeah. Does it call AT&T? I think that's it. Let's hope so. Anyway, there's always a way to get through to operators when you need to. To complete your call, please press or dial 1 now. Oh, all right. Thank you for calling AT&T. Boy, she sounds happy. For information on how to place an AT&T call, press 1. For dialing instructions on how to place an AT&T call, press 2. If you are calling regarding your AT&T Universal MasterCard or Visa Credit Cards, press 3. If you receive a separate bill from AT&T for your calling card calls and have billing questions, press 4. If you are calling to order an AT&T calling card... I just want to speak to a human. ...advise of an address or telephone number change or any other reason concerning your AT&T calling card, press 5. Otherwise, press 6 now. What happens if I press 6? Okay, I'll press it. If you are attempting to place an AT&T call, for quick and easy call completion, please dial our new number, 1-800-210-288. Oh, forget it. That's 1-800-325-425. 1-800-325-425. 1-800-325-425. 1-800-325-425. Otherwise, stay on the line. Well, now, I don't understand. Either call our new number or stay on the line. I don't understand. AT&T, please dial the number you are calling or 0 for an operator now. 0 for an operator, yes. That's what I wanted to do. AT&T, Mr. James, how may I help you? Yes, hi. Are you an operator? Yes, I am, sir. Great. I just need some rate information. I was hoping you could help me. I'll certainly try. Okay. I needed to know what the rate would be to place a direct dial call between a particular number in New York and a particular number in Washington, D.C. Okay, sir. Will you be dialing directly or billing to a calling card? Well, I'll be making the call two ways. One would be dialing directly to a payphone using coins. All right. Well, it depends on the time of day, sir. If you're making a call from New York to Washington, D.C. between the hours of 9 to 5 and by coin, it's $2.30 for the first minute. If you're calling from a residence, it should be no more than $0.25 a minute. So, okay. So, if I make the call from a payphone, it's going to cost $2.30 for the first minute. Plus $0.25 for each additional. Okay. If I make it from my house, it'll just cost $0.25. It's approximately $0.25. Probably less. Less tax. Okay. How about at night? Night can be between the hours of 5 to 11. After 11, actually. Pardon me? After 11 p.m. One moment, please. By coin, sir, or again residential? By both. Residential. One moment, please. The coin would be $0.25 for the first minute. The coin would be probably maybe $0.25 lower. So, it would be $2.25 or $2.20 for the first minute. Okay. So, there's a discount, then. Right, sir. And then, again, with the residential, it should be no more than $0.15 a minute plus tax. $0.15. Okay. All right. Thank you very much for your help. Bye-bye. For calling with AT&T. Oh, yes. Well, now, maybe that, doing that, maybe that's why. Because it costs $2.30 for one minute. A one-minute phone call to Washington, D.C., virtually any time of the day or night. That's not right. That is a rip-off. And they prove it themselves. I mean, how, what do you think is going through that guy's head where he has to tell me that if I go to a pay phone to make the same call, it's going to cost $2.30 for one minute, and if I do it from my house, it's going to cost $0.25. It's the same call. Why does it cost so much more? Maybe with all the people going around playing with red boxes, the company is still making enough money because of the one or two people that don't. I don't know, but it's, it's an awfully strange way of doing business, but it's actually a very typical way that the phone companies do business. But it's not how we do business here at WBAI, is it? It's not how we do business here at WBAI, is it? 212-279-3400. Give us a call. Show your support. You know, we're lagging pretty far behind on this particular program. We only have $475. We need to raise $2,000 by noontime, and the way we're going to reach that particular goal is through the help of people like you, people that can pick up the telephone and give a call. 212-279-3400. Show your support for the radio station, and you can pledge whatever amount you wish. If you pledge a $475 amount, though, you will, if you want, that is, you will get the full year of 2600 magazine, the Hacker Quarterly, and also a 2600 Hacker T-shirt. Those two items will come to you in the mail, and along with our thanks for supporting this radio station, for keeping us going, for keeping us on the air. We have one call on the line. I'd sure like to make that seven, because seven is the maximum number of lines we have. That's 212-279-3400, and we do take Visa and MasterCard, but unfortunately, you can't play tones. You do have to call up and pledge. And you have to talk to a human. We have human beings in the tally room there, real human beings, and, you know, when you call up, you're not going to get those machines that say, press one to do this, press two to do that. Man, I couldn't believe that. They were taking me all over the place, weren't they? I was going on a little trip there. It's ridiculous. All I wanted to do was talk to an operator. We don't give you the runaround here. We don't give you any of that. We're human beings. We're a real radio station. We're real people, and so are you. That's why we have to come together, pool our resources, share our knowledge. Now, this program doesn't usually come to you at this particular time of day. This is a special outing for us, and the reason we're doing this is because there are a lot of you out there that have never heard this program, that have never heard of the various things that we talk about. We talk about privacy. We talk about encryption. I'm going to turn into a real expert on the subject in just a couple of minutes, but we do this because there's a need for this kind of information. There's a definite lack of it around. How many technical programs do you see on television? How many technical columns are there in the daily newspapers? Well, there's one program, at least, that brings you this particular frame of the news that is not focused upon in other places. 212-279-3400. We have three calls on the line. We're almost halfway to the second call. We're almost halfway to the third call. We're almost halfway to the seven that we need to make me happy, anyway, to get everybody in the tally room busy. You see, there's a bunch of people in the tally room, and they all have a phone, but the person that sits in front of phone number seven is really depressed because that phone doesn't ring because they ring in order, you know, and you have to fill up the first six before number seven rings. So, I mean, yeah, we want to make that person happy, but most importantly, by making that person happy, we're making everybody happy because we're adding to the numbers that have already come in. Now, the reason we are doing this is because you are our sponsors. One thing you have not heard on this radio station in the past couple hours, in fact, one thing you have not heard in the past couple of decades is a commercial. We don't have any. We don't have commercials, and, you know, not only that, we take that a couple of steps further. We don't have news writing, corporate sponsorships. Never will you hear the phrase, this program has been underwritten by Mobile Foundation or whatever. You won't hear that here because it's not. We don't accept it. Sure, they would want to do that. They would want to buy this station. They would want to take us off the air and put some kind of Muzak on in our place, but we don't think that's what New York needs. New York needs a station like WBAI, and WBAI needs a person like you. 212-279-3400. Remember, we take credit cards, and we take whatever you can afford to give us. For a pledge of $75, however, you will get the full year of 2600 Magazine, the Hacker Quarterly, where we stomp on the foot of authority a bit, spread some information around, and educate people on all kinds of interesting things. You know, the most recent thing that happened to us over at the magazine, we printed a list in the winter issue. I believe it was winter 92-93, and this list has basically a collection of AT&T offices, and where they are located, and their phone numbers. You know, AT&T. They have offices everywhere. For instance, let's give you an example here. Let's go to, well, Newark, New Jersey. How's that? Okay. In Newark, New Jersey, we have an office on 95 Williams Street. 95 Williams Street in Newark. Now, these are locations of AT&T offices. Would you believe that we got a threatening letter in the mail from AT&T saying, you're printing proprietary information. Stop it, or we'll sue you. This is the mentality that the phone companies have, that you cannot even print their addresses, let alone how their phone systems work. And that's the kind of thing that we have to fight, and we all fight that together. We all fight that by remaining strong. Different entities come together, whether it be magazines, radio stations. The more of us out there that are battling this kind of injustice, the stronger we are. Remember, we're individuals banding together, band with us. 212-279-3400. Okay, we had a flurry of calls there, and they seem to have faded away, so let's get another flurry coming in. 212-279-3400. Remember, we have to make that goal by noon, and we do want to get on with the program. We have Phil Zimmerman, who has created quite a controversy with his PGP program. He'll be coming on in just a couple of minutes, and we have all kinds of other bits of information we want to share with you. Hey, we shared these magical tones. We shared other magical tones, news events that are going on throughout the world, instances of technology fouling up and hurting people and doing all kinds of nasty things. There's an article in today's New York Times about a new kind of technology that's being put into place on the front page of the New York Times, and you've got to admire the Times for putting stories like this on the front page occasionally, but it's basically a story about record stores and how they're going to be changing over the next few years. We can actually walk into a record store and order a CD by computer, and the CD will be made right there for you. And you will never be able to run out of CDs again because you will pick a certain thing over a computer, it will be transmitted down these magical phone lines, and then digitally inscribed onto a blank CD. Yeah, that's what we're moving down to. Everything is going to be digital. Digital movies, digital tapes, digital video, digital life, you know, it's all so digital. And that's how it's going to be transmitted over the next few years. And that's how it's going to work. They have a little diagram here. Basically, participating record companies will be putting their recordings in digital form into a master computer library, which will be called a regional server. There will be little booths installed at retail stores. You go into this booth and they have permanent high-speed data links to the regional servers. Now a customer inside the booth slips a credit card through a swipe card reader. The computer built into the booth checks the store's database for information about the customer's past purchases and displays a menu of choices tailored to the customer. I already see a problem with that. I mean, I don't know. What is it about our past purchases always being part of our permanent record? It's happening everywhere. No matter what you buy, it's happening somewhere. Anyway, next step, the customer navigates through menus, hopefully not as much navigation as we had to just do, and makes various selections by touching the screen. Video clips and sample cuts can be played to help the customer choose an album. The computer in the booth then signals the regional server to transmit the customer's selection and charge the cost to the customer's credit card. The selection is converted onto a blank CD while labels and packaging are printed by a color printer. The manufacturing process takes at least six minutes. Then, while the customer waits, the booth computer may offer related merchandise like concert tickets or posters or might even show video clips if you're lucky. Then, when the CD and its packaging are ready, they appear in the booth for the customer to take. Well, you know, that's what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm talking about what I'm talking about. I'm Stand up for your rights, get up, stand up Don't give up the fight, get up, stand up Stand up for your rights, get up, stand up Don't give up the fight You preach a man, don't tell me Heaven is under the earth You are the bee and you don't know What life is really worth It's not all that glitter is gold And half the story has never been told So now we see the light We gonna stand up for our rights Come on, get up, stand up Brother, stand up for your rights Come on, get up, stand up Sit down, don't give up the fight I'm begging you to get up, stand up Stand up for your rights Get up, stand up I say don't give up the fight Cause you know most people think A great God will come from the skies And take away every little thing And let everybody try But if you know what life is worth You would look for yours right here on earth And now we see the light We gonna stand up for our rights Come on, get up, stand up Don't make them push you around Stand up for your rights Come on, brothers, get up, stand up Be brave now, don't give up the fight I say get up, stand up Stand up for your rights Don't let them hold you down Get up, stand up Don't give up the fight Sick and tired of this game of technology Humbly asking Jesus for his mercy We know, we know and we understand Almighty Jack is a living man You fool some people sometimes But you can't fool all the people all the time And now we see the light We gonna stand up for our rights Come on, get up, stand up Stand up for your rights Come on, brothers, get up, stand up I say don't give up the fight I say get up, stand up Stand up for your rights Good evening. You've reached our voice-activated switchboard. Please speak in a loud, clear tone of voice. Please tell me your telephone number. 718-6134 Your telephone number is 718-6164 If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Your telephone number is incorrect. Please tell me your telephone number. 718-6134 Your telephone number is 718-6134 If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Your telephone number is correct. Please tell me your social security number. Your social security number is what? If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Your social security number is correct. Please describe the nature of your problem. The nature of your problem is wrong number. If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Yes Your problem is correct. Please describe what you would like us to do. You can give me credit. What is this? This is unbelievable. You would like credit from us. If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Yes Please describe the amount of credit you would like. Whatever the call costs. I'm sorry, I must have a number in your answer. Oh, Jesus. If you would like us to calculate the credit, please say yes at this point. Yes Please tell me what number you were trying to call. 201 6132 The number is 201. 6132 If this is correct, say yes. If this is not correct, say no. Yes Please hold while I calculate the credit. I can't believe they waste this much time to do this. The amount of credit required is $17.63. If this is acceptable, say yes. If this is not acceptable, say no. Yes We will mail you a check for the amount of money. If this is acceptable, say yes. If this is not acceptable, say no. Yes Thank you for calling and for being so patient. Oh, God, help me. Please call again. Do I hang up now? Yes, you do. Thank you. Goodbye. Goodbye. Thank you.