Section 4. System Parameters

This section lists the unique characteristics of each named mode: specifying character length and known alphabet for all modes. For synchronous data block systems, block length, cycle specifics and baud rate is listed. For sychronous bit stream systems, cycle information and character specifics, such as sync bits, parity bits and interleaving details are listed. Finally for the MFSK systems, tones, tone layout and tone spacing are listed.


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[Synchronous Data Block], [Asynchronous Data Block], [Asynchronous Bit Stream], [Synchronous Bit Stream], [Multi-tone/PSK], [Twinplex], [Alphabets] [Piccolo Tone Pairs and Alphabet 5/6 Tone Paging Tables



                 Synchronous Data Block Systems - Table 4-A
                 ------------------------------------------


           +------------------------------------------ character size (bits)
           |     +------------------------------------ alphabet in use
           |     |       +---------------------------- block size (chars)
           |     |       |   +------------------------ repetition cycle (bits)
           |     |       |   |     +------------------ total rep. cycle time(mS)
           |     |       |   |     |       +---------- cycle breakdown as
           |     |       |   |     |       |           (ISS/IRS/rest)
           |     |       |   |     |       |        +- most commonly found baud
           v     v       v   v     v       v        v  comments
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+-----------------------
ARQ6-70   | 7 |ITA3   |  6| 70 |  350 | 42/7/21  | 200 |rare
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+-----------------------
ARQ6-90   | 7 |CCIR476|  6| 90 |  450 | 42/7/41  | 200 |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+-----------------------
ARQ6-98   | 7 |CCIR476|  6| 98 |  490 | 42/7/49  | 200 |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+-----------------------
SWED-ARQ/ | 7 |CCIR476|  3| 45 |  450 | 21/7/17  | 100 |
ARQ-SWED  |   |       |  9| 90 |  900 | 63/7/20  | 100 |
          |   |       | 22|180 | 1540 |154/7/19  | 100 |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------
TWINPLEX  | 7 |CCIR476|2*3| 45 |  450 | 21/7/17  | 100 | See Table 4-F
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------
SITOR-A   | 7 |CCIR476|  3| 45 |  450 | 21/7/17  | 100 |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------
SI-ARQ/   | 7 |ITA3   |  3| 42 | 437.5| 21/7/14  |  96 |every odd cycle has
ARQ-S/    |   |       |  4| 56 | 583.3| 28/7/21  |  96 |all bits inverted
ARQ1000S  |   |       |  5| 70 | 729.2| 35/7/28  |  96 |RC of 5 and 6 are
          |   |       |  6| 84 | 875.0| 42/7/35  |  96 |most commonly found
          |   |       |  7| 98 |1020.8| 49/7/42  |  96 |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------
DUP-ARQ/  | 5 |ITA2+7p|  5| 88 | 704  | 32/32/12 | 125 |7p added to ea. blk
ARTRAC    |   |       |   |    |      |          |     |of 5 char. each xm
DUP-ARQ-2/|   |       |   |    |      |          | 250 |burst is 32bits.
ARTRAC 2  |   |       |   |    |      |          |     |5ch @ 5bits + 7p
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------
MERLIN/   |   |       |   |1250|      |          |228.7|
ALIS      |   |       |   |    |      |          |     |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------
IRA-ARQ   |   |       |   |    |      |          |     |
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------
PACTOR    | 8 |ITA5   | 96| 125| 1250 | 96/12/17 | 100 |*IRS is 12bits and
          |   |       |192| 250| 1250 |192/24*/32| 200 |ALWAYS sent @100bd
----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------
G-TOR     | 8 |ITA5   | 21|    |  240 |192/16/32 | 100 |
          |   |       | 45|    |  240 |          | 200 |
          |   |       | 69|    |  240 |          | 300 |


                 Asynchronous Data Block System - Table 4-B
                 ------------------------------------------

         +-------------------------------------------- character size (bits)
         |  +----------------------------------------- alphabet in use
         |  |     +----------------------------------- block size (chars)
         |  |     |      +---------------------------- block size (bits)
         |  |     |      |      +--------------------- block tx time (mS)
         |  |     |      |      |       +------------- block breakdown (chars)
         |  |     |      |      |       |           +- most commonly found baud
         v  v     v      v      v       v           v  comments
--------+-+----+-----+-------+------+-------------+---+-------------------------
HC-ARQ  |5|ITA2|  38 |  174  |  725 |4 char sync, |240| All packets sent with no
        | |    |     |       |      |5*30 chars,  |   | timing restraints. Data
        | |    |     |       |      |4 char CRC   |   | packet can be sent at
        |5|ITA2|  68 |  324  | 1350 |4 char sync, |240| any time after a rx'ed
        | |    |     |       |      |5*60 chars,  |   | ACK from other station.
        | |    |     |       |      |4 char CRC   |   | Is therefore "Asynch".
        |5|ITA2| 188 |  924  | 3850 |4 char sync, |240| Packet length usually
        | |    |     |       |      |5*180 chars  |   | data chars + 8 chars
        | |    |     |       |      |4 char CRC   |   | overhead (4 header+4CRC)
--------+-+----+-----+-------+------+-------------+---+---------------------------
PACKET/ |8|ITA5|8-264|64-2112|21-704|1 start flag,|300| Overhead is fixed at 8
AX25    | |    |     |       |      |3 address,   |   | bytes.  Data block = 0
        | |    |     |       |      |1 control 0- |   | to 256 bytes
        | |    |     |       |      |256 data chrs|   |
        | |    |     |       |      |2 CRC bytes  |   |
        | |    |     |       |      |and end flag |   |


                 Asynchronous Bit Stream Systems - Table 4-C
                 -------------------------------------------

          char  using
          size  alphabet  characteristics
---------+-----+---------+----------------------------------------------------
BAUDOT   |5 bit|ITA2     |1 start,5 data, 1, 1.5, or 2 stop (exact stop bit
         |     |         |length can vary) 1 char = 7, 7.5, 8 bits
---------+-----+---------+----------------------------------------------------
ASCII    |x bit|ITA5     |1start,5,6,7 data bits(x), 1 stop + 1p (optional)
         |     |         |1 char = 8,9 or 10bits/p bit = none,even or odd
---------+-----+---------+----------------------------------------------------


                 Synchronous Bit Stream Systems - Table 4-D
                 ------------------------------------------

            +---------------------------------------------- char size (bit)
            |       +-------------------------------------- using alphabet
            |       |       +------------------------------ repetition cycle
            |       |       |    +------------------------- characteristics
            v       v       v    v
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ARQ-N     | 7|ITA2P    | 4/8 |No inverted char every 4 of 8 char
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ARQ-E/    | 7|ITA2P    | 4/8 |every 4th/8th char inverted which marks it
ARQ1000D  |  |         |     |as the 1st char of that block of 4 of 8 chars
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ARQ-E3    | 7|ITA3     | 4/8 |see ARQ-E
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ARQ-M2-242| 7|ITA3     |4/5/8|a-ch erect, b-ch invert, char interleaved
       342| 7|ITA3     | 4/8 |a-ch erect, b-ch invert, char interleaved
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ARQ-M4-242| 7|ITA3     |4/5/8|a/c-ch char interleaved a/b c/d bit interleave
          |  |         |     |a-ch erect b/c/d invert
       342| 7|ITA3     | 4/8 |a-ch erect, b-ch invert a/b chars interleaved
          |  |         |     |c-ch invert d-ch erect  a/b c/d bit interleave
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
AUTOSPEC  |10|ITA2 + 5p|     |1 char = 10 bits, 5bits of ITA2, 5 parity bits
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
SPREAD    |10|ITA2 + 5p|     |1 char = 10 bits w/ea. char interleaved over
          |  |         |     |11,21 or 51 bits
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
81-81     |  |         |     |1 frame = 12 bits. 2-ch (bauds 73,81)
          |  |         |     |1 frame =  6 bits. 1-ch (bauds 36.5,40.5)
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
CIS-11    | 5|CYR M2   |     |1 frame = 11bits. 5 M2 char + 2sync + 4p
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
CIS-14    | 5|CYR M2   |     |1 frame = 14bits. 2-ch bit interleave
          |  |         |     |frame:a1B1a2B2a3B3a4B4a5B5a6B6p1p2(2*6bits+2p)
          |  |         |     |a-ch:a2-6 b-ch:B2-6  a1b1p1p2=error correction
          |  |         |     |1 frame = 28bits. CIS-14 variant
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
CIS-21    | 5|CYR M2   |     |1 frame = 27bits. 1idle+5 M2 char+3p+18sync
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
FEC-A/    | 7|ITA2     |     |data bits+p bits interleaved. Parity created
FEC100A   |  |         |     |by shift register. 2 known lengths: 71 and 127
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
HNG-FEC   |15|15 bit   |     |1st 5bits ITA-2 with bits 1 and 5 inverted +
          |  |         |     |10bits error correction. interleave of 64bits,
          |  |         |     |each new char starts 15bits after preceding char
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
POL-ARQ   | 7|CCIR476  |4/5/6|Similar to ARQ-N but using CCCIR476 alphabet
----------+--+---------+-----+----------------------------------------------
ROU-FEC/  |16|16 bit   |     |interleave of 128bits, new char starts 16bits
RUM-FEC   |  |         |     |from preceding char. Bit masking used (10,15,31)
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
SI-FEC/   | 7|ITA3     |     |each char inverted and repeated 15 chars later,
FEC-S/    |  |         |     |similar to ARQ-M2-242
FEC1000S  |  |         |     |
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
SITOR-B/  | 7|CCIR476  |     |char interleaved, each char simply repeated
NAVTEX    |  |         |     |after 350ms (5 chars/35 bits later)
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
TORG-10/11|11|ITA2     |     |1 frame = 11 bits: 5 data + 2sync + 4p
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------
IRA-ARQ   |  |         |     |
----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------


                 Multi-tone/MFSK/PSK Systems - Table 4-E
                 ---------------------------------------

             +-------------------------------- modulation
             |    +--------------------------- # of tones
             |    |        +------------------ tone shift/arrangement
             |    |        |           +------ tone shift/spacing (Hz)
             |    |        |           |    +- bps(FSK) / symbol/sec(PSK)
             v    v        v           v    v  comments
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
PICCOLO MK6|MFSK| 6| 5*20Hz tone3-8 | 20 | 20 |1 char -> 2 tones, ea 50ms
           |    |  |                |    |    |so 1 char = 100ms. 7.5 unit
           |    |  |                |    |    |ITA2 gives 75 baud throughput
           |    |12|11*20Hz tone0-11| 20 | 20 |ITA5 version.
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
COQUELET 8 |MFSK| 8|7*26.7Hz tone1-8|26.7|26.7|1 char = 2 consecutive tones
           |    |  |                |    |    |ea 37.5ms. 1 char is 75ms
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
COQUELET 13|MFSK|13|8*30Hz tone1-8 +| 30 |13.3|1 char = 2 consecutive tones
           |    |  |4*30Hz tone9-12 |    |    |ea. 75ms. 1 char is 150ms
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
CROWD36    |MFSK|36|35*40Hz tone1-36| 40 | 40 |3 groups of 10+11+11 tones
           |    |  |                |    |    |tones 1,12,24,36 rarely used
           |    |  |                |    |    |1 of 32 tones=1 of 32 ITA2 chars
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
MIL188     |    | 8|7*400Hz         | 400|    |
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
TT2300b    |MFSK| 8|7*200Hz         | 200|100/|100bps gives 300bps throughput
           |    |  |                |    |200 |200bps gives 600bps throughput
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
LINK11     |QPSK|15|14*110Hz        | 110|    |1 doppler tone @605Hz offset
           |    |  | tone 1@935Hz   |    |    |1 sync tone @2915Hz offset
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
MERLIN/    |MFSK| 7|3*100Hz tone1-3 | 100|    |-400/-300/-200/0/+200/+300/+400
ALIS-2     |    |  |3*200Hz tone3-5 | 200|    |
           |    |  |3*100Hz tone5-7 | 100|    |
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
MS5 Russian|PSK |12|11*200Hztone1-11| 200|100 |1 pilot tone @3300Hz
Vocoder    |    |  | tone 1@700Hz   |    |    |(rare: 3600Hz)
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
CLOVER     |PSK | 4|3*125Hz         | 125|    |Supports BPSM/125bd, QPSM/250bd
           |    |  |                |    |    |         8PSM/375bd,16PSM/375bd
           |    |  |                |    |    |         8P2A/500bd,16P2A/500bd
           |    |  |                |    |    |Total bandwidth 500Hz
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
CLOVER-2000|PSK | 8|7*250Hz         | 250|    |Supports BPSM,       QPSM,
           |    |  |                |    |    |         8PSM,       8P2A,
           |    |  |                |    |    |        16P4A w/auto-throttling
           |    |  |                |    |    |Total bandwidth 2kHz
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+----+---------------------------------
HF=Datalink|PSK | 8|                |    |    |Adaptive rates of 150,300,600,
           |    |  |                |    |    | 1200,1800 supported.
-----------+----+--+----------------+----+-----+--------------------------------
4+4        |MFSK| 8|3*300Hz tone1-4 |    |     |
           |    |  |1*450Hz Gap     |    |     |
           |    |  |3*300Hz tone5-8 |    |     |


                 TWINPLEX Parameters - Table 4-F
                 -------------------------------

o CCIR476 alphabet, 1 char = 7bits
o 2 channels of 3 characters, 1 block = 6 chars
o Characters may be "erect" or "inversed" or "erect and inversed"
o 1 cycle = 450ms, 210ms tx 240ms rx
o Interleave is station selectable
o Channel decode is station selectable
o Frequency shift is station selectable

------------------------------------------------++--------------------------
Interleave (lower case: ch1 UPPER CASE: ch2)    || Channel Decode Method
------------------------------------------------++--------------------------
WORD -  abc ABC def DEF ghi GHI jkl             || * F7B-1  BBYY BYBY
BIT  -  a1 A1 b2 B2 c3 C3 d4 D4 e5 E5 f6 F6     ||   F7B-2  BBYY BYYB
CHAR -  a A b B c C d D e E f F                 ||   F7B-3  BYBY BBYY
NONE -  abc def ghi jkl                         || * F7B-4  BYBY BYYB
        [normal SITOR sends interleave NONE]    ||   F7B-5  BYYB BBYY
--------------------+-----------+---------------+|   F7B-6  BYYB BYBY
 Frequency Offset   |  Shift    |  User         ||          ch.1 ch.2
 f1   f2   f3   f4  |           |               ||
-400 -200 +200 +400 |200/400/200|*              || B defined as:0/spc/start
-200 -85  +85  +200 |115/170/115|*Spain/Pakistan|| Y defined as:1/mrk/stop
-255 -85  +85  +255 |170/170/170| Dutch         ||
-150 -50  +50  +150 |100/100/100|               ||
-300 -100 +100 +300 |200/200/200|               ||
-200 -85  +85  +600 |115/170/515| Pakistan      || * commonly found
--------------------+-----------+---------------++--------------------------
Usual defaults: 100bd, 115/170/115, Erect ch A, Invert ch B, word interleave
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


                 Notes on Alphabets - Table 4-G
                 ------------------------------

o ITA5 can be referred to as IRA
o ITA5 is the ASCII alphabet and consists of 128 characters, controls,
  specials, numbers, lower case letters and upper case letters. This
  is an 8 bit alphabet (sometimes includes a 9th bit for parity).
o ITA2P is 5 bit ITA2 converted to 7. A character is composed of
  1 sync bit + 5 bit ITA2 char + parity. Sync bit is always 1 (except for
  idle and RQ), parity is odd.
o BAUER is a 10 bit alphabet, used by AUTOSPEC and SPREAD

o 16 bit alphabet 0 is a 16 bit alphabet, used only by ROU-FEC
  16 bit alphabet 1 is a 16 bit alphabet mod 10, used only by ROU-FEC
  THESE ALPHABETS ARE LISTED IN Wavecom 4100 literature - no further details.

o These alphabets are based on ITA2, a 5 bit alphabet.
    Cyrillic M2
    Cyrillic M19
    Hebrew
    Arabic ATU-70
    4th shift Arabic ATU-80 ("Baghdad 80")
    3rd shift Greek
    3rd shift Korean
    3rd shift Amharic
    3rd shift Thai

o 3rd shift Japanese is a 6 element code with start and stop signals used
  in Japan for their national TELEX network.

                 Code Tables                         B defined as:0/spc/start
                 -----------                         Y defined as:1/mrk/stop


                            ITA2P               SITOR
No. Letter Figure   ITA2    ARQ1A     ITA3      CCIR476
--- ------ ------   -----   -------   -------   -------
 1   A      -       YYBBB   BYYBBBY   BBYYBYB   BBBYYYB
 2   B      ?       YBBYY   BYBBYYB   BBYYBBY   YBYYBBB
 3   C      :       BYYYB   BBYYYBB   YBBYYBB   BYBBBYY
 4   D      $(1)    YBBYB   BYBBYBY   BBYYYBB   BBYYBYB
 5   E      3       YBBBB   BYBBBBB   BYYYBBB   YBBYBYB
 6   F      %(2)    YBYYB   BYBYYBB   BBYBBYY   BBYBBYY
 7   G      &(2)    BYBYY   BBYBYYB   YYBBBBY   BYBYBBY
 8   H      #(2)    BBYBY   BBBYBYY   YBYBBYB   BYYBYBB
 9   I      8       BYYBB   BBYYBBY   YYYBBBB   BYBBYYB
10   J      @(3)    YYBYB   BYYBYBB   BYBBBYY   BBBYBYY
11   K      (       YYYYB   BYYYYBY   BBBYBYY   YBBBBYY
12   L      )       BYBBY   BBYBBYY   YYBBBYB   BYBYYBB
13   M      .       BBYYY   BBBYYYB   YBYBBBY   BYYBBBY
14   N      ,       BBYYB   BBBYYBY   YBYBYBB   BYYBBYB
15   O      9       BBBYY   BBBBYYY   YBBBYYB   BYYYBBB
16   P      0       BYYBY   BBYYBYB   YBBYBYB   BYBBYBY
17   Q      1       YYYBY   BYYYBYY   BBBYYBY   YBBBYBY
18   R      4       BYBYB   BBYBYBY   YYBBYBB   BYBYBYB
19   S      '(3)    YBYBB   BYBYBBY   BYBYBYB   BBYBYYB
20   T      5       BBBBY   BBBBBYB   YBBBYBY   YYBYBBB
21   U      7       YYYBB   BYYYBBB   BYYBBYB   YBBBYYB
22   V      =       BYYYY   BBYYYYY   YBBYBBY   YYBBBBY
23   W      2       YYBBY   BYYBBYB   BYBBYBY   BBBYYBY
24   X      /       YBYYY   BYBYYYY   BBYBYYB   YBYBBBY
25   Y      6       YBYBY   BYBYBYB   BBYBYBY   BBYBYBY
26   Z      +(4)    YBBBY   BYBBBYY   BYYBBBY   BBYYYBB
27  cr              BBBYB   BBBBYBB   YBBBBYY   YYYBBBB
28  lf              BYBBB   BBYBBBB   YBYYBBB   YYBBYBB
29  ls              YYYYY   BYYYYYB   BBBYYYB   YBYBBYB
30  fs              YYBYY   BYYBYYY   BYBBYYB   YBBYBBY
31  sp              BBYBB   BBBYBBB   YYBYBBB   YYBBBYB
32  idle(5)         BBBBB   BBBBBBY   BBBBYYY   YBYBYBB
    RQ                      YYYBBBB   BYYBYBB   YBBYYBB
    idle/beta               YBBYBBY   BYBYBBY   BBYYBBY
    idle/alpha              YBBBYYB   BYBYYBB   BBBBYYY
    CS1                                         BYBYYBB
    CS2                                         YBYBYBB
    CS3                                         BYYBBYB

(1) "Who are you?" or British Pound symbol
(2) each country can assign
(3) can be switched
(4) sometimes " instead of +
(5) idle or 3rd shift


References: Wavecom Elektronik AG, Wavcom W4100 product literature
            HOKA Electronics, Code 3 v5.00 decoder manual and correspondance
            Klingenfuss Radioteletype Code Manual, 13th Edition

ITA-5/ASCII/IRA
---------------

 hex
 digit 1st-->   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7
 2 +-----------------------------------------
 n |         7  B   B   B   B   Y   Y   Y   Y     B defined as:0/mrk/stop
 d |         6  B   B   Y   Y   B   B   Y   Y     Y defined as:1/mrk/stop
 | |         5  B   Y   B   Y   B   Y   B   Y
 V | 4 3 2 1                                      bit ordering: 7654321
   +-----------------------------------------
 0 | B B B B | NUL DLE SPC  0   @   P   `   p     Special Notes:
 1 | B B B Y | SOH DC1  !   1   A   Q   a   q     YYBBBBB 60 - back tic     (`)
 2 | B B Y B | STX DC2  "   2   B   R   b   r     BYBBYYY 27 - single quote (')
 3 | B B Y Y | ETX DC3  #   3   C   S   c   s     BYBYYBB 2C - comma        (,)
 4 | B Y B B | EOT DC4  $   4   D   T   d   t     BYBYYBY 2D - minus/dash   (-)
 5 | B Y B Y | ENQ NAK  %   5   E   U   e   u     YBYYYYY 5F - underline    (_)
 6 | B Y Y B | ACK SYN  &   6   F   V   f   v     YYYYYYB 7E - tilde        (~)
 7 | B Y Y Y | BEL ETB  '   7   G   W   g   w
 8 | Y B B B |  BS CAN  (   8   H   X   h   x
 9 | Y B B Y |  HT  EM  )   9   I   Y   i   y
 A | Y B Y B |  LF SUB  *   :   J   Z   j   z
 B | Y B Y Y |  VT ESC  +   ;   K   [   k   {
 C | Y Y B B |  FF  FS  ,   <   L   \   l   |
 D | Y Y B Y |  CR  GS  -   =   M   ]   m   }
 E | Y Y Y B |  SO  RS  .   >   N   ^   n   ~
 F | Y Y Y Y |  SI  US  /   ?   O   _   o  DEL

ACK - acknowledge            FF  - form feed
BEL - bell                   FS  - file separator
BS  - backspace              GS  - group separator
CAN - cancel                 HT  - horizontal tab
CR  - carriage return        LF  - line feed
DC1 - device control 1       NAK - negative acknowledge
DC2 - device control 2       NUL - null
DC3 - device control 3       RS  - record separator
DC4 - device control 4       SI  - shift in
DEL - delete                 SO  - shift out
DLE - data link escape       SOH - start of header
ENQ - enquiry or WRU         SPC - space
EM  - end of medium          STX - start of text
EOT - end of transmission    SUB - substitute
ESC - escape                 SYN - synchronous idle
ETB - end of block           US  - unit separator
ETX - end of text            VT  - vertical tab

References: Wavecom Elektronik AG, Wavcom W4100 product literature
            HOKA Electronics, Code 3 v5.00 decoder manual and correspondance
            Klingenfuss Radioteletype Code Manual, 13th Edition


               Piccolo Tone Pairs and Alphabet - Table 4-H
               -------------------------------------------

There are 2 kinds of Piccolo signals, the 6-tone system which uses the ITA-2
alphabet and the 12-tone system which uses the ITA-5/ASCII alphabet. Piccolo
as origionally designed used 32-tones. See Notes below.

                          Piccolo Tone Table
                          ------------------

     12-tone Piccolo                          6-tone Piccolo
     ITA-5/ASCII ---------+                   +---------- ITA-2
                          |                   |
                          v                   v
                        tone   Freq (Hz)    tone
                        ----   ---------    ----
                          0  +---> 400                                    
                          1  |     420                                    
                          2  |     440                                     
                          3  |     460 <---+  0
                          4  |     480     |  1             
                  standby 5  |     500     |  2             
                  standby 6  |     520     |  3
                          7  |     540     |  4
                          8  |     560 <---+  5
                          9  |     580 
                         10  |     600
                         11  +---> 620

                        Piccolo 6-tone character set
                        ----------------------------
bit order:            tone 2
 12345           0   1   2   3   4   5                tone 2
             b4  0   0   0   1   1   1           0   1   2   3   4   5 
       #  b5                          
 t     0  1     111 101 110 110 101 111    t  0  Q   Y   W   fs  X   ls
 o     1  1     011 001 010 010 001 011    o  1  P   H   L   G   M   V
 n     2  1     100 000 --- idl 000 100    n  2  Z   T  --- idl  O   B
 e     3  0     100 000 --- --- 000 100    e  3  E  nul --- ---  cr  D
 1     4  0     011 001 010 010 001 011    1  4  I   sp  lf  R   N   C
       5  0     111 101 110 110 101 111       5  U   S   A   J   F   K

        normal       inverted             normal        inverted
            shift         shift                shift         shift
tone letter number letter number   tone letter number letter number
 00     Q     1       K     (       30     E     3       B     ?
 01     Y     6       F     !       31     nul   nul     O     9
 02     W     2       J     bel     32     ---   ---     idl   idl
 03     fs    fs      A     -       33     ---   ---     ---   ---
 04     X     /       S     '       34     cr    cr      T     5    NOTE:
 05     ls    ls      U     7       35     D     $       Z     +    sby:standby
 10     P     0       C     :       40     I     8       V     :    idl:idle
 11     H     #       N     ,       41     sp    sp      M     .
 12     L     )       R     4       42     lf    lf      G     &
 13     G     &       lf    lf      43     R     4       L     )
 14     M     .       sp    sp      44     N     ,       H     #
 15     V     =       I     8       45     C     :       P     0
 20     Z     +       D     $       50     U     7       ls    ls
 21     T     5       cr    cr      51     S     '       X     /
 22     ---   ---     ---   ---     52     A     -       A     -
 23     sby   sby     ---   ---     53     J     bel     W     2
 24     O     9       nul   nul     54     F     !       Y     6
 25     B     ?       E     3       55     K     )       Q     1

                      Piccolo 12-tone character set
                      -----------------------------
		    
tone 2        0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11   bit order:
          b4  0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    7654321
tone 1    b6  0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   0   0   0
#  b5  b7                 0   1   2   3   4   5             
0  1   0     --- 000 100 100 000 --- --- 000 100 100 000 ---
1  1   0     010 001 011 011 001 010 010 001 011 011 001 010
2  1   0     110 101 111 111 101 110 110 101 111 111 101 110
3  1   1  0  110 101 111 111 101 110 110 101 111 111 101 110
4  1   1  1  010 001 011 011 001 010 010 001 011 011 001 010
5  1   1  2  --- 000 100 100 000 --- idl 000 100 100 000 ---
6  0   1  3  --- 000 100 100 000 --- --- 000 100 100 000 ---
7  0   1  4  010 001 011 011 001 010 010 001 011 011 001 010
8  0   1  5  110 101 111 111 101 110 110 101 111 111 101 110
9  0   0     110 101 111 111 101 110 110 101 111 111 101 110
10 0   0     010 001 011 011 001 010 010 001 011 011 001 010
11 0   0     --- 000 100 100 000 --- --- 000 100 100 000 ---

tone 2   0     1     2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10    11
tone 1
  0           dle   dc4   4    0              8    <    fs  can
  1     dc2   dc1   dc3   3    1    2    :    9    ;   esc   em  sub 
  2     syn   nak   etb   7    5    6    >    =    ?    us   gs   rs
  3      V     U     W    w    u    v    ~    }   del   _    ]    ^
  4      R     Q     S    s    q    r    z    y    {    [    Y    Z
  5            P     T    t    p              x    |    \    X   
  6            @     D    d    `              l    h    L    H   
  7      B     A     C    c    a    b    j    i    k    K    I    J 
  8      F     E     G    g    e    f    n    m    o    O    M    N
  9     acq   enq   bell  '    %    &    .    -    /    si   cr   so
 10     stx   soh   etx   #    !    "    *    )    +   vt   tab   lf
 11           null  eot   $  space            (    ,   ff    bs 

Notes: 
o When using ITA-5 on 12 tone Piccolo the parity bit is ignored.
o The 6 tone Piccolo doesn't use the 3 lowest or the 3 highest 
  tones.
o Because of the way in which the Piccolo code was created the
  6 tone Piccolo using ITA-2 is really a special case of the 12
  tone Piccolo using ITA-5 but it is difficult to visualize here
  so the 6 tone Piccolo table and the 12 tone Piccolo table are
  presented as 2 tables. See the Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code
  Manual, 13th Edition for the table as designed.


                 5/6 Tone Paging Parameter Tables - Table 4-I
                 --------------------------------------------

European 5/6 tone systems - frequencies in Hz         * is Repeat tone
---------------------------------------------         = is Group tone

                                ZVEI     DZVEI    DDZVEI
tone EEA      CCIR-1    CCIR-7  ZVEI-1   ZVEI-2            NATEL    EURO
----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
 0  | 1981   | 1981   | 1981   | 2400   | 2200   | 2400   | 1633   |  979.8 |
 1  | 1124   | 1124   | 1124   | 1060   |  970   | 1060   |  631   |  903.1 |
 2  | 1197   | 1197   | 1197   | 1160   | 1060   | 1160   |  697   |  832.5 |
 3  | 1275   | 1275   | 1275   | 1270   | 1160   | 1270   |  770   |  767.4 |
 4  | 1358   | 1358   | 1358   | 1400   | 1270   | 1400   |  852   |  707.4 |
 5  | 1446   | 1446   | 1446   | 1530   | 1400   | 1530   |  941   |  652   |
 6  | 1540   | 1540   | 1540   | 1670   | 1530   | 1670   | 1040   |  601   |
 7  | 1640   | 1640   | 1640   | 1830   | 1670   | 1830   | 1209   |  554   |
 8  | 1747   | 1747   | 1747   | 2000   | 1830   | 2000   | 1336   |  510.7 |
 9  | 1860   | 1860   | 1860   | 2200   | 2000   | 2200   | 1477   |  470.8 |
10/A|=1055   |=2400   |=2400   |=2799.9 | 2599.9 |= 885   | 1633   |  433.9 |
11/B|  930   |  930   |  930   |  810   | 2799.9 |        |  600   |  400   |
12/C| 2246.9 | 2246.9 | 2246.9 |  970   |  810   |        |=1995   |  368.7 |
13/D|  991   |  991   |  991   |  886   |  886   |        | 2205   | 1153.1 |
14/E|*2110   |*2110   |*2110   |*2599.9 |*2400   |* 970   |*1805   |*1062.9 |
15/F|    0   |    0   |    0   |    0   |    0   |        |    0   |    0   |
----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
      40ms    100ms     70ms     70ms     70ms     70ms     70ms    100ms
                               Tone Duration

                                         Reach 
                                         11th root of 2
tone EIA      MODAT    CCITT    VDEW     Hi Freq  Lo Freq  
----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
 0  |  600   |  637.5 |  400   | 2280   | 2400   | 1200   |
 1  |  741   |  787.5 |  697   |  370   | 2253   | 1127   |
 2  |  882   |  937.5 |  770   |  450   | 2116   | 1058   |
 3  | 1023   | 1087.5 |  852   |  550   | 1987   |  993   |
 4  | 1164   | 1237.5 |  941   |  675   | 1865   |  933   |
 5  | 1305   | 1387.5 | 1209   |  825   | 1751   |  876   |
 6  | 1446   | 1537.5 | 1335   | 1010   | 1644   |  822   |
 7  | 1587   | 1687.5 | 1477   | 1240   | 1544   |  722   |
 8  | 1728   | 1837.5 | 1633   | 1520   | 1450   |  725   |
 9  | 1869   | 1987.5 | 1800   | 1860   | 1361   |  681   |
10/A| 2151   |        | 1900   | 2000   |        |        |
11/B| 2432.9 |        | 2000   | 2100   |        |        |
12/C|=2010.1 |        | 2100   | 2200   |        |        |
13/D| 2292   |        | 2200   | 2300   |        |        |
14/E|* 459   |* 487.5 | 2300   | 2400   |        |        |
15/F|    0   |        |    0   |    0   |        |        |
----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
      33ms     40ms    100ms    100ms     40ms     40ms
                               Tone Duration

  EEA    - Electronic Engineering Association, UK
  CCIR   - Comite Consultatif International de Radio
  ZVEI   - Zentralverband der Electrotechnischen Industrie, West Germany
  DZVEI  - Depressed ZVEI
  DDZVEI - Double Depressed ZVEI
  NATEL  - Scandinavian National Telephone
  Euro   - 6 tone Hi power AM paging in ECPT countries.
  EIA    - Electronics Industries Association, US - Motorola Metropage
  MODAT  - Motorola 7 tone ANI Status System
  REACH  - 2 to 5 tone selective call, ANI


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Copyright 1995, 1996 Stan Scalsky, Mike Chace