SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE USS LIBERTY Many books and articles by respected writers report the story of the USS Liberty. Following are selected references to November, 1994. Books: A Changing Image by Richard Curtiss (American Educational Trust) 1986 % As I Saw It by Dean Rusk (W.W.Norton) 1990 Assault on the Liberty by James Ennes (Ballantine) 1st Paperback ed. 1987 * Assault on the Liberty by James Ennes (Random House) 6th hard cover ed. 1986 * Assault on the Liberty by James Ennes (Random House) 1st hard cover ed. 1980 * Assault on the Liberty by James Ennes (Arabic - Language Mgmt. Corp.) 1988 * Confirm or Deny by Phil G. Goulding (Harper & Row) 1970 Counsel to the President by Clark Clifford (Random House) 1991 Conspiracy of Silence by Anthony Pearson (Quartet Books) 1978$* Dangerous Liaison by Andrew & Leslie Cockburn p152-153 (Harper Collins) 1991 Elusive Victory by Trevor N. Depuy (Harper & Row) 1978 Every Spy a Prince, Israeli & American authors (Houghton-Mifflin, 1990)$! Embassies in Crisis by Michael Bar-Zohar (Prentice-Hall) circa 1970$ History of the U.S. Navy by James M. Morris (Xeter, Bison) 1984 Intelligence Warfare by Col. Wm. B. Kennedy (Crescent 83; Crown 87) Israel and the American Nat'l Interest by Cheryl Rubenberg (U of Ill) 1986 In Honored Glory: Arlington Nat'l Cemetery by Philip Bigler Middle East, a history by Sydney N. Fisher (Knopf) Naval and Maritime Chronology 1961-1971 (Naval Institute Press) 1973 Pearl Harbor II by James Taylor (Mideast Publishing) 1980$* Pearl Harbor II by James Taylor (Regency Press, London) 1980$* Ropes of Sand, Am. Failure in the M.E. by Wilbur Crane Eveland (Norton) 1980 Spymasters of Israel by Stewart Steven (MacMillan) 1980& Swift Sword by BGen S.L.A. Marshall & UPI (American Heritage Publ. Co.) 1983 Taking Sides by Stephen Green (Morrow) 1984 + The Arab-Israeli Wars by Chaim Herzog (Random House, 1982) $# The Cairo Documents: Nasser & World Leaders by Mohamed Heikal (Doubleday) 1973 The CIA, A Close Look by H. Paul Jeffers (Lion Press) 1970 The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence by Victor Marchetti+ The Fateful Triangle by Noam Chomsky (South End Press) 1983@ The Hope by Herman Wouk, p643-645 (fiction) 1993** The Israeli Secret Service by Richard Deacon (Preager?) 1977-78 The Ordeal of the USS Pueblo by Carl Schumacher & Geo Wilson (Javanovich) 1969 The Pueblo Incident by RADM Daniel V. Gallery (Doubleday) 1970 The Puzzle Palace by James Bamford (Houghton Mifflin) 1983 The Rabin Memoirs by Yitzhak Rabin (Little Brown & Company) 1979#$ The Samson Option by Seymour Hersch (Random House?) 1991 (p167-168) The Secret War Against the Jews By John Loftus (St. Martins) 1994$ The Six Day War by R. S. & Winston S. Churchill (Houghton Mifflin) 1967) The Spy by Wolf Blitzer (publisher?) 1989# The Super Spies by Andrew Tully (Morrow) 1969 The Triumph and Tragedy of LBJ by Charles Califano (Simon & Schuster) 1991 The Vantage Point by Lyndon B. Johnson (Holt, Rinehart, Winston) 1971 The Zionist Connection by Alfred Lilienthal c1979 (Pearson is primary source)$ They Dare to Speak Out by Paul Findley (Lawrence Hill) 1985 Tonkin Gulf by Eugene G. Windchy (Doubleday) 1971 USNCVA History Book, George McGinnis, Ed. (Turner Publishing Co.) 1997 USS Liberty: Dissenting History VS Official History by Dr. John Borne (Reconsideration Press) 1996 Warriors for Jerusalem by Donald Neff (Linden Press) 1984 Weapons by Russell Warren Howe (Doubleday) 1980 Articles, references "Admiral Charges Cover-up of Attack." The Virginian-Pilot, Norfolk, Virginia September, 14, 1985. Story reports view of retired JCS Chairman Admiral Thomas Moorer that the attack was deliberate and that facts have been covered up. Also, editorial "Liberty's Untold Story," same issue. American Legion 49th Annual Convention, August 29-31, 1967, resolution #508, rejects Navy Inquiry as unsatisfactory and calls upon United States to conduct a complete and thorough public investigation and to demand compensation for deaths, injuries, and property damages. (Following complaints from Jewish War Veterans of America and other spokesmen for Israel, the resolution was allowed to die without action.) American Legion Magazine, October 1988, p48, reports $1,000 donation to Grafton Library by Grafton's Rose Harms Post 355. Post commander Elmer Paegelow calls the donation "especially fitting...because little recognition or honor have been given to those sailors..." "Americans still claim '67 Attack by Israel No Mistake." Associated Press wire service story by David Smyth, October 29, 1984. Reports remarks by several survivors, plus comments by Dean Rusk, Richard Helms, Thomas Moorer and others. Anderson, Jack and Drew Person. Syndicated Column, "...the action was planned in advance." The Washington Post, June 16, 1967. Anderson, Jack and Les Whitten. Syndicated Column, "Israel still owes U.S. for Attack." The Washington Post, July 20, 1977. "A Tragic Mistake and a Rebuilt Life." NEWSWEEK 50th anniversary issue, spring 1983, p124-126, describes loss of Tommy Thornton in USS Liberty. "Attack on the Liberty." A one-hour documentary TV film by producer Rex Bloomstein featuring interviews with several survivors, Admiral Moorer, Dean Rusk, and several Israel military apologists. Film was broadcast on BBC Channel Five on January 27, 1987. It was later edited to a 20 minute segment and rebroadcast by CBS on "20 20" with narration by Barbara Walters and Hugh Downs. Barbara Walters repeatedly described the attack as a typical wartime accident. The film was also broadcast repeatedly in the early 1990s on the "Discovery" cable TV channel. "Attack survivor demands probe" Corpus Christi Caller Times, Page One article June 15, 1991, reports Joe Meadors' demand for an inquiry & Congressman Ortiz's hostile attitude. "Bay City man recalls attack" The Bay City, Michigan, Times. May 25, 1987. Story reports interview with survivor Robert M. Dye. Ben-Yehuda, Rabbi E. Guest column in Lakeland Florida Ledger discusses Horance Davis column of Feb 15, 1988, on Liberty, claims criticism is anti-Semitic because Pollard is Jewish, claims Liberty flew no flag. Berger, Thomas J. "Case Closed on USS Liberty" Soldier of Fortune. March, 1989. A Rebuttal to Ron Fraser's article in September 1988 issue. This is a prime example of the Israeli tactic of using their supporters to blindly rebut stories they do not like by repeating the Israeli version as published in the booklet "Myths and Facts," which see. Also see extensive counter-rebuttal in June, 1989, issue. Blalock, Cecelia. "As survivors recall the attack on the Liberty" The Christian Science Monitor. June 22, 1982. Wife of Liberty survivor Don Blalock discusses reunion, cover-up, lessons of history. Bouchard, LCDR Joseph F., US Navy. "Accidents and Crises: Panay, Liberty, Stark. Naval War College Review, Autumn 1988. Authors compare three attacks and U.S. reactions. Author concludes: "The fact that the U.S. Government has readily accepted the accident explanation in the past increases the likelihood that deliberate attacks under the guise of accidents could occur in the future." Brooks, Dick. Radio Station WOJB, Route 2, Box 2788, Hayward, Wisconsin 54843. Send $10 to station for cassette recording of 2 hr. 40 min. Brooks interview with James Ennes, Dean Rusk, Admiral Thomas Moorer, USS Saratoga skipper Joseph Tully, and survivor John Hrankowski. Tully describes two launches of rescue aircraft, both recalled by orders from Washington. Rusk and Moorer both call attack deliberate. Rusk says purpose was to prevent Americans from collecting intelligence on progress of the war. Moorer says U.S. knew attackers were Israel and let Americans die in order to avoid an American/Israeli air battle. Brown, Susan. Seven or more vituperative editorials in the Milwaukee Journal starting early 1988, all harshly critical of the Grafton library project. Bucher, Commander Lloyd M. The Washington Post Book World, May 21, 1980. Former USS Pueblo Skipper reviews Assault, says Pueblo would not have been captured if the truth had been known about the USS Liberty. Bucher, Commander Lloyd M. Naval History Magazine, February 1989. Article highlights similarities between Pueblo and Liberty attacks. Burgess, Tom. Navy Times, December 20, 1985. "Moorer Wants Probe of Attack on Liberty." Caldwell, Robert J. "It's time to tell the truth about the Liberty" San Diego Union, Outlook Section, Sunday, June 14, 1987, p1. Campbell, C.M. The Retired Officer, May, 1990 and Fleet Reserve Assn. Magazine, May, 1990. A tribute to the memory of the men who served in USS Liberty by retired Navy Chief Warrant Officer C.M. Campbell. Casuto, Morris. "The Liberty Incident: from inquiry to defamation?" Criticism by Anti-Defamation League spokesman of Ennes's article in The San Diego Union, Outlook Section, June 7, 1987. Standard ADL arguments. Challenger. Magazine of the University of Maryland School of Law. March 11, 1987. Editorial discussion of Admiral Moorer's appeal for new inquiry. "Cavour Man cannot forget Liberty" Sioux Falls, SD, Leader, June 7, 1987, reports interview with survivor Stan White. Cockburn, Alexander. "Israel's Pollard Scandal" The Wall Street Journal March 19, 1987. Discusses Liberty as an example of the notion "in the minds of Israeli officials that they can get away with anything." "Congress may yet probe [Liberty attack]." Christian Science Monitor, October 2, 1980. By Stephen Webbe. Story discusses Senator Adlai Stevenson's intention to look into the Liberty attack. See also: Probe Planned, and Dept. of State Briefing, below. "Crewman urges Liberty probe" Saudi Gazette, Saudi Arabia, Shaban 20, 1407. Front page interview with survivor Joe Meadors. Crowley, Dan. Colebrook, NH, News and Sentinel January 27, 1988, reprints article originally from "Christian News" which reports interview with survivor Commander David E. Lewis who describes conversation with the late Admiral Larry Geis in which Geis is said to have told Commander Lewis that Liberty's rescue aircraft were recalled by President Johnson over Geis's heated objections. According to article, LBJ knew ship was being attacked by Israel, but refused to commit American aircraft against Israelis. Cukierman, David. "Anti-Semitism distorts tragedy of USS Liberty" San Antonio Express-News June 21, 1987. Spokesman for Anti-Defamation League gives "anti-Semitism" complaint in reaction to interview with ship's doctor by columnist Maury Maverick in June 7 issue. Cuprisin, Tim. "USS Liberty not forgotten on any front." Milwaukee Journal P1, June 11, 1989. Describes memorial ceremony at Grafton library plus comments by McCloskey, Golden, and others. Features large photo of McGonagle saluting the memorial. Davis, Horance. "Israel Usually Avoids Blame Even When it Kills Americans" Syndicated column in Ocala, FL, Star Banner February 15, 1987. Davis is a Pulitzer prizewinner who also writes for New York Times. Davis, Horance. "Israel soils the U.S." (date unknown) Syndicated column in several Florida newspapers discusses Liberty, Pollard and aid to Israel. Defense Week. "Vets Cry: Remember the Liberty" September 8, 1986. Article by James A. Russell reports that Admiral James Watkins is helping Admiral Thomas Moorer in an effort to start new Liberty inquiry. Article says Rep. John Conyers of House Judiciary subcommittee is considering. Dornan, Congressman Robert. Congressional Record - House H4837 June 29, 1988. Addresses house. Says Liberty "should not be shoved down a dark memory hole and that their country act as though the tragedy had never happened. ...Mr. Speaker, remember the crew of the Liberty." Duprey, Ernest and Trevor N. Duprey. The Encyclopedia of Military History; 3500 B.C. to the present. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. Eaves, Jim. "Pollard probe: Remember the Liberty" Houston Post April 4, 1987. Retired Navy Captain blasts Liberty investigation. Ennes, James M. "The USS Liberty: Back in the News." American-Arab Affairs #15. Winter 1985-86, pp. 19-29. Ennes, James M. "The USS Liberty: Israel can't get its story straight." American-Arab Affairs #17. Summer 1986, pp. 16-25. Ennes, James M. "The USS Liberty: A Demon That Won't Go Away." The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, June 16, 1986 Ennes, James M. "The USS Liberty Affair." The Link, May/June 1984, publ. by Americans for Middle East Understanding, Room 771, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10115. Updated account with numerous new references. Ennes, James M. "Aboard USS Liberty." Middle East International, 10 Jun 1983 Ennes, James M. "What Price Israel? The USS Liberty attack" Middle East Perspective. 1980? Ennes, James M. "More on the USS Liberty." Middle East International, 10 October 1983 Ennes, James M. "The Israeli Assault on the USS Liberty" The Retired Officer Magazine, June 1985 Ennes, James M. "Give Your Book a Promotion." Writer's Digest. (An account of book distribution problems and author's counteraction.) Sept., 1982 Ennes, James M. "The Scandal That Refuses to Die." (A rebuttal to The Atlantic's account). The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 30, 1985. (Same issue features on p7 a report of press conf on the USS Liberty held by Admiral Thomas Moorer and Liberty survivors) Ennes, James M. "Israeli Attack on U.S. Ship Reveals Failure of C3" Defense Electronics. October, 1981. Ennes, James M. "Israel's attack on the USS Liberty: 20 years later, truth is still hidden" The San Diego Union, Outlook Section, Page C1. June 7, 1987. Article includes first reproduction ever in a general interest publication of the full text of the State Department's top secret analysis of the official Israeli excuse (The Salans Report). Includes companion article by Admiral Thomas Moorer. Ennes, James M. "Israeli Attack on U.S. Warship" The Dossier: The Official Journal of the International Spy Society, #5, 1983. ISS, Oneonta, NY. Ennes, James M. "USS Liberty, 21 Year Later: Why investigate now?" The San Diego Union, Outlook Section, Sunday, June 26, 1988. Reprinted Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, August 1988. Shows that numerous key government leaders consider attack deliberate. Ennes, James M. "The Wisconsin Library Wars" Washington Report September, 1988. Reports organized campaign by spokesmen for Israel to block Grafton library from being named to honor Liberty victims. Complainers see no conflict with nearby publicly funded university library named to honor Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. Ennes, James M. "USS Liberty 22nd Anniversary." Washington Report, p16. June, 1989. Reports recent developments, reunion, library, state and city proclamations, various memorials planned and completed. Ennes, James M. "USS Liberty Revisited: New Information, Still no investigation" Washington Report, p39. June, 1990. Department of the Navy now admits in letters to Senator Alan Cranston and others that the Navy investigation was limited to review the adequacy of communications and the performance of the crew in combat. Ennes, James M. "24 Years - Still no Investigation" Washington Report. June, 1991. Reports Ted Kennedy's investigation, Frankenmuth museum, San Diego Weapons Building named after Liberty victim. Ennes, James M. "25 Years of cover-up" Washington Report. June, 1992. Reports Mintz/Porter controversy as reported by Evans and Novak; Story Behind the Story documentary & cover-up. Ennes, James M. "The Secret War Against the Jews" Washington Report. June 1995. A review of the USS Liberty chapter in the book by Mark Aarons and John Loftus. Ennes, James M. "USS Liberty - 25 years later" US Naval Reserve Association Magazine, June, 1992. "Entrepreneur's death tinged with suspicion" Pasadena Star-News, December 19, 1988. Front page article reports mysterious death (murder or suicide?) of promoter Norman E. Wallen, who attempted to make Liberty movie. "Error of War and U.S. Seamen Die." U.S. News and World Report. 19 June 1967, p. 10. Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. Syndicated Column, "New Tactics of the Israeli Lobby." The Washington Post and elsewhere, Feb. 9, 1983. Column quotes President Reagan describing Liberty attack as deliberate. Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. Syndicated Column, "Remember the Liberty". The Washington Post and elsewhere, June 17, 1991. Reports survivors invitation to the White House. Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. Syndicated Column, The Washington Post and elsewhere, October ??, 1991. Reports Seth Mintz and Ambassador Dwight Porter's eyewitness reports that the Israelis knew the USS Liberty was an American ship. (See Rosenthal rebuttal) Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. Syndicated Column, "The Liberty Quotes". The Washington Post and elsewhere, November 11, 1991. Refutes Abe Rosenthal's column in the New York Times of November 8, 1991, in which Rosenthal questions credibility of Evans and Norak for reporting that Seth Mintz gave eyewitness account of the attack as deliberate. Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. Letter to the Editor, The New York Times, November 20, 1991. Refutes Abe Rosenthal's November 8 column, "Anatomy of a Scoop," which questions Evans and Novak report re the Liberty. Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. "The Battle over the Liberty," The Jerusalem Report, December 19, 1991. Evans and Novak respond to scathing attack by Hirsh Goodman in November 21, 1991, issue in which Goodman calls Evans and Novak article (October, 1991) a "piece of fiction". "Ex-Navy Head Says Truth Still Hidden on '67 Attack." UPI wire service story, widely circulated. December 19, 1980. Findley, Paul. "A Tale of Two Tragedies" The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs August, 1987. A comparison by former congressman of the USS Liberty and USS Stark attacks. Findley, Paul. "The USS Liberty Heroes Honored" "The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs September, 1989. Article reports on 22 anniversary reunion of Liberty survivors with memorial ceremony at the USS Liberty Memorial Public Library, Grafton, Wisconsin. "Finis." Newsweek, 3 July 1967, p. 24. "Former Crewmember questions Israeli attack of ship" Tulsa World June 25, 1987. Interview by Danise Aydelott with survivor Joe Meadors. Fort Collins (Wyoming) Triangle Review, March 18, 1987. Two page article reports interview with survivor Phil Tourney. Foxman, Abraham H., National Director, Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith, responds in NYTimes Letter to Editor, August 31, 1988, to earlier letter from Stephen St.John (below). Foxman repeats standard Israeli argument from Myths and Facts booklet. Times let Foxman have the last word, ignoring numerous counter-rebuttals. Fraser, Ronald. "USS Liberty: A Symbol of Government Secrecy" Navy Times, December 9, 1985. Fraser, Ronald. "Stark Reminder of USS Liberty" The Wall Street Journal June 5, 1987. Story describes coverup, recall of Saratoga's aircraft. Fraser, Ronald. "No Justice for USS Liberty" Soldier of Fortune September, 1988. See Berger, Thomas J. (above) for angry rebuttal in March, 1989, issue and June, 1989, for counter-rebuttal. Gainesville Sun, March 20 and May 13, 1987. Several letters respond to Horance Davis column of February 15, 1987. Writers call Davis irrational and anti-Semitic. Genrich, Mark, Phoenix Gazette editorial page columns June 9, 1993; June 8, 1994; June 7, 1995; October 11, 1995 Gerhard, William D. (See U.S. National Security Agency, below) Geyelin, Philip. Syndicated column, "Remember the Liberty?" Dallas Times Herald and elsewhere June 10, 1982. Abbreviated version appeared in The Washington Post. Geyer, Georgie Anne. Syndicated column "Invasion of Lebanon Came at an Ironic Time." Houston Post and elsewhere, June 10, 1982. Column notes that invasion coincided with anniversary of attack on the USS Liberty. Geyer, Georgie Anne. Syndicated column "Blame U.S. Officials..." Houston Post and elsewhere. December 10, 1985. Column mentions Liberty along with Pollard spy case and other parallel incidents. Grant, Carol. "USS Liberty Memorial Library Enjoys Busy First Year" Centerfold pictorial describes new library and the controversy surrounding it. Seven photographs. Goodman, Hirsh and Zeev Schiff. "The Attack on the Liberty" The Atlantic Monthly. Sept. 1984, pp. 78-84. (Israeli version) Authors refused several offers to interview survivors and to review evidence held by survivors; also refused request to see and comment on article before publication. See letters to the editor in several issues.$ Goodman, Hirsh. "Messrs. Errors and No Facts," The Jerusalem Report, November 21, 1991. Goodman attacks columnists Evans and Novak for October, 1991, column reporting interviews with Ambassador Dwight Porter and Israeli Major Seth Mintz. Gwertzman, Bernard. "Israeli Payment to Close the Book on '67 Attack..." The New York Times, December 19, 1980, p. 1. Harsch, Joseph C. "The case of Captain Johnson." The Christian Science Monitor, February 10, 1983. Story reports typical Israeli reactions to American observation of military operations, citing Liberty as example. Harsch, Joseph C. "Attack on the USS Stark: the price of imperial power?" The Christian Science Monitor, May 29, 1987. Analysis of Stark attack. Harsch, Joseph C. "The Pollard Case and Israel -- the last straw?" The Christian Science Monitor, March 12, 1987. Cites Liberty as one of several Israeli actions contrary to American interests. Harsch, Joseph C. "Israel has gone too far" The Christian Science Monitor, March 16, 1987. Cites Liberty as one reason for Israeli belief that nothing they do can offend the Americans. Hendrickson, Paul. "...Memories of Friendly Fire." The Washington Post, p. C1., June 7, 1982. Reports interviews with several survivors. "Hot-line Put to Use This Week." The Atlanta Constitution, 9 June 1967, p. 1. Reports Moscow/WASHDC hot line was used over Liberty crisis. Hrankowski, John. "It's time we found out what happened" Rochester, NY Democrat-Chronicle June 9, 1987. Survivor John Hrankowski describes the attack. Hrankowski, John. "A sinister silence hangs over the Liberty" Kuwait Times, Shaban 20, 1407. Survivor discusses attack and cover-up. Hrankowski, John. "Liberty survivor seeks the truth" Rochester (NY) Times Union June 8, 1986. Appeal by survivor Hrankowski for new inquiry. Hrankowski, John. See Read Kingsbury listing below. Hrankowski, John. "The Israeli pilots had to know" Sunday Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, NY 7 August 1988, page 19A. Counter-rebuttal to opinion piece by Rabbi Judea B. Miller entitled "Never question the loyalty of Jews" in the 28 July 1988 issue. Hrankowski, John. See Dick Brooks, above. Hrankowski, John. Letter to the Editor, The New York Times, November 20, 1991. Confirms accuracy of Evans and Novak report on the Liberty; refutes recantation by Seth Mintz and attack by Abe Rosenthal. "In Memoriam." New York Times, obituary page, 8 June 1985. "In Recognition." VFW Magazine. April, 1990. p.33. "Inquest for Liberty." The New York Times. 7 July 1967. p.15. "Israel Apologizes for Attack." Christian Science Monitor. 9 June 1967, p.12 "Israel Attacks U.S. Navy Ship in Error, 10 Die." Los Angeles Times, 9 June 1967, p. 1. "Israel in Error Attacked U.S. Ship." New York Times, 9 June 1967, p. 1. "Israel and U.S. covered up Liberty evidence" The Virginian Pilot September 8, 1985. Admiral Thomas Moorer accuses U.S. and Israel of covering up evidence in the Liberty case. "Israeli Jets Kill 10 on U.S. Ship." The Houston Post, 9 June 1967, P. 6. Israeli government report: "The Yerushalmi Report" - the official and still top secret report on the attack, by an Israeli judge and submitted to the United States as the official account of the attack. Leaked in 1982. Published in American-Arab Affairs #17. (See AAA #15 for official U.S. government assessment of the credibility of this report.) "Israelis Rip U.S. Ship, 10 Men Killed." Chicago Tribune, 9 June 1967, p. 1 Jacobsen, Lieutenant Commander Walter L., JAGC, USN. "A Juridical Examination of the Israeli Attack on the USS Liberty" Naval Law Review, Winter, 1986, Volume 36. Published by the U.S. Naval Justice School, Newport, Rhode Island. For sale by the Naval Publications and Forms Center, cash sales (code 1051), 5801 Tabor Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099. Ask for Naval Law Review Volume 36, publication #0511LP1750086. Jacobsen provides a scholarly legal analysis of the attack and surrounding circumstances. He concludes that the attack was deliberate and in violation of international law, and that a "thorough, honest, public investigation similar to the Watergate hearings" is needed to put the facts in the public record. Jerusalem Star, March 12, 1987. Reprints Ennes article "Israel can't get its story straight" from Arab American Affairs Journal. Johnson, Dirk. "Library's Name Brings Talk of Anti-Semitism" New York Times January 6, 1989. Article describes furor created by pro-Israel groups over plan to name town library in honor of USS Liberty. The Keene Sentinel, Keene, New Hampshire. In May, 1989, the Sentinel mentioned the men whose lives were lost in the Liberty along with many other historical events whose dead should be remembered on Memorial Day. This brought an outcry from spokesmen for Israel that raged on for months in at least five editorials and at least 30 letters to the editor. The Keene Sentinel, Keene, 29 November, 1989, reports public forum on USS Liberty attended by survivor John Hrankowski and former California Congressman Paul N. McCloskey, Jr. Article describes some of the pressures and charges of anti-Semitism used to try to block talks. Kempster, Norman. "34 Americans killed by Israeli 'mistake'" Los Angeles Times story, May 31, 1987, p26, reports interview with Jim Ennes. Kilpatrick, James Jackson. "June 8 at 1400 Hours." National Review, 5 September 1967, pp. 952-958. Kilpatrick, James Jackson. Syndicated column. "Old Virtues Never Die." Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 3 June 1982, and elsewhere. Review of AOTL. Kingsbury, Read. "Liberty vets are innocent victims again." Senior editor of Rochester (NY) Times-Union and Rochester Democrat and Chronicle writes in July 17, 1988, Times-Union about pro-Israeli pressure to block the Grafton Library project. Includes intv with survivor John Hrankowski. Koppel, Ted. "Espionage Epidemic?" Transcript of broadcast November 27, 1985, Show #1178, includes interview with James Bamford who remarks that the "administration seemed to hide the [Liberty] incident under the rug." Kosut, Hal, ed. Israel and the Arabs; the June 1967 War. New York: Facts on File, 1968. Krenn, Michael. Reporter for Milwaukee Journal wrote 25 or more heavily slanted articles opposing Grafton Library project. 1988. Kukal, Ron - interview with survivor Ronald Kukal. "Hidden Story of Bombed Ship" Your Neighbors newspaper of Northwest Nebraska, 3 June 1986. "Lessons From The. . .USS Liberty." Christian Science Monitor, June 4, 1982, by Brad Knickerbocker, Stephen Webbe, Daniel Southerland, Gary Thatcher. Former Navy pilot describes rescue aircraft launched, second launch prepared, then both recalled when Israel found to be the attacker. "Lessons of the Liberty: Weak Spots in U.S. Defenses." U.S. News and World Report, 22 July 1968, p. 7. Lewis, David. See Dan Crowley, above. Maverick, Maury. San Antonio, Texas, Express-News column April 5, 1987. June 7, 1987 reports attack and Liberty essay contest. Maverick, Maury. San Antonio, Texas, Express-News column June 7, 1987 reports interview with ship's doctor, Richard F. Kiepfer. "We were promised help, but no one came. The Russians arrived before our own ships did." "The Liberty Affair." Editorial comment, The Washington Post, Dec. 25, 1980 "The facts are for the future to know." "The Liberty Legacy." Editorial comment, The Virginian-Pilot, Dec. 22, 1980 "Liberty Library: Grafton facility gets donation, name of spy ship". First article in long, angry series reports plan to name library after USS Liberty. The Milwaukee Journal, December 11, 1987. "Liberty Signals: Misrouted, Misread." U.S. News and World Report. 10 July 1967, p. 7. "Liberty Under Fire" London OBSERVER. January 18, 1987, pp16-19. Long, Luman H., ed. The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1968 Centennial Edition. New York: Doubleday, 1967. Mallison, S.V. and W.T. International Law Studies 1991, The Law of Naval Operations. Naval War College Press. Article on "Lawful Objects for Attack" (p266-267) concludes that the attack was no accident and that the attack on the ship violates the 2nd Geneva Convention. +Marchetti, Victor. Audiotape #T86, "The CIA and the making of history." Distributed by the Institute for Historical Review. Marchetti claims inside knowledge that the attack was deliberate. McCloskey, Paul N. "Pete". See U.S. Congress - House, pg E2689, below. McGrory, Mary. Syndicated columnist. "The Limits of Patience." reproduced in The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 30, 1985. Meadors, Joseph L. Los Angeles Times, Page 2. February 27? 1988. Survivor reports American Legion blocking Liberty inquiry efforts. (Wire service story reprinted from Saudi Gazette, Page One.) Meadors, Joseph L. Saudi Arabia Gazette, 10 parts starting 7 October 1986. "Myth and Reality." Meadors, Joseph L. Letter to the Editor, Stars and Stripes. 12 October 1985. Meadors, Joseph L. Ltr. to Editor, Int'l Herald Tribune. 23 December 1985. Meadors, Joseph L. "Where's Uncle Dickie's Name, Grampa?" Saudi Arabia Gazette, December 7, 1988. Satirical discussion of Poughkeepsie Veterans Memorial and Grafton Library project. Meadors, Joseph L. "Remember Those Killed..." Letter to the Editor, New York Times, 27 January 1989. Letter responds to anti-Semitism charge expressed in Dirk Johnson article above. "Memorial Day means much to veteran of USS Liberty" Forest City, Pa., News reports interview with survivor Bill Casper. May 21, 1987. Middle East Abstracts and Index, v. 4 (1981). Miller, Rabbi Judea B. "Never question the loyalty of Jews" Rochester, NY, Democrat & Chronicle, 28 July 1988. Rebuttal to art. by Read Kingsbury. Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Journal. At least 30 articles mostly by reporter Michael Krenn, and seven or more editorials first seven months of 1988 alone regarding Grafton, Wisconsin, plans to name city library after the USS Liberty. Also see Milwaukee Sentinel, Chicago Tribune, Ozaukee Guide, Press, News Graphic and Milwaukee Jewish Chronicle. Mintz, Seth. Letter to the Editor, The New York Times, November 20, 1991. Mintz thanks columnist A.M. Rosenthal for his "accurate account of the events of 24 years ago involving the sinking (sic) of the USS Liberty". Misfortune or Murder?" London TV Times. 24-30 January, 1987, pp16-20. Myths and Facts. Booklet of arguments used by Israeli spokesmen to rebut reports not favored by Israel. Published periodically by American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (ADL), and Near East Report (the AIPAC magazine). Booklet can be found in most public libraries. It is the source of most arguments against USS Liberty positions and seems to be the source of most pro-Israeli positions published in letters-to-editors. This is the basic source book for pro-Israeli activists. 1989 version by Leonard J. Davis, edited by Eric Rozenman and Jeff Rubin. Moorer, Admiral Thomas H. "USS LIBERTY: Questions Persist. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 27, 1985 Moorer, Admiral Thomas H. "Two cover-ups a 'disgrace' - Israel, U.S. both suppress truth about the Liberty" San Diego Union, June 7, 1987, OUTLOOK, Pg C4. (Companion piece to Ennes article starting on Pg C1.) Moorer, Admiral Thomas H. Letter to the editor of the US Naval Reserve Association Magazine, September, 1992, supports Ennes article in the June issue and rebutals opposing letter in the September issue by Admiral Michael Ram, CinC Israel Navy. "Moorer Wants Probe of Attack on Liberty." Navy Times. December 30, 1985. "More on the USS Liberty." Middle East International (London) October 14, 1983 Max Morris, Admiral USN "Americans are paying a Price..." The Florida Times-Union, Jacksonville, June 23, 1982, p11. Retired adm. denounces cover-up and describes rescue effort as seen from the bridge of the a/c carrier USS Saratoga. Rescue aircraft were recalled while ship was still under attack and calling for help, admiral reports. "Mystery of Attack on USS Liberty." U.S. News & World Report, 26 June 1967. National Observer Magazine, Editorial Comment, July 3, 1967. "Only the blind or the trigger happy could have made such a mistake." Nashville News, Editorial (undated) 1987. Discusses Liberty as an example of Israeli treachery. Nelson, Bryce. "U.S. Survivors of Israeli Attack Still Seek Answers." The Los Angeles Times. June 30, 1982, p. 1. "New Evidence Shows Israel's Attack on USS Liberty Far More Vicious Than Thought." Armed Forces Journal International, January 1980, p. 18. The New Republic. Monthly magazine on world and national affairs. Supposedly independent, but always takes strongly pro-Israel view. Sometimes mockingly called "the house organ for the Israeli lobby." O'Connell, Professor D. "The Influence of Law on Seapower" (1975) Book by professor of international maritime law discusses illegality of attack on the Liberty, a neutral vessel on the high seas. Peled, Israeli Major General Mattiyahu Peled. Heard on PBS Special "Days of Rage" produced by Jo Franklin Trout, Pacific Productions and aired by PBS on September 6, 1989. In the broadcast, Peled is heard reporting that "The conquest of the West Bank and the Golan Heights was never decided by the Israeli Government. This was a private venture of the then Defense Minister Moshe Dayan and a few generals who were very much interested in this adventure and the Israeli government was really faced with a fait accompli." This would seem to provide the military and Dayan specifically with additional motive for the attack: to keep his plans not only secret from the U.S., but from his own government as well. Pelton, David. "Liberty Crew Doubts '67 Israel Attack an Error." The Washington Times, June 7, 1982. Intv with several survivors. Pietrucha, Michael W. "The USS Liberty: Is Israel truly America's ally in the Middle East" The Weekly Collegian, Penn. State U., University Park, Pa 16802. October 19, 1988. Article by student columnist describes attack, cover-up. Article brought attack from pro-Israel student activists who attempted to have Pietrucha fired from the newspaper. Pietrucha, Michael W. "Bearing the Cross: Survivors tell story." The Weekly Collegian, Penn. State U., University Park, PA 16802. November 23, 1988. After heavy attack by organized campus supporters of Israel, student columnist responds with follow-up article including interviews with five survivors and with former Secretary of State Dean Rusk who calls attack deliberate. "The Pollard Affair" Editorial. Asbury Park Press March 19, 1987. Editorial discusses Israel as unreliable "ally" and cites Liberty as one of several examples. "Probe Planned: Did Israel Intentionally sink (sic) U.S. Ship?" UPI national wire service story by Wm. J. Small published in Seattle Times, Sept. 28, 1980, p. 6, and elsewhere. Story reports rmks of Adlai Stevenson, Navy and State Dept. spokesmen, others, and announces Senator Stevenson's intention to conduct an official inquiry. This article apparently led directly to Israel's decision to agree to a token payment for loss of the ship in return for "closing the book" on the affair. See U.S. Department of State Briefing, December 18, 1980, below. Ram, Admiral Michael. Letter to the Editor of the Naval Reserve Association Magazine of September, 1992, by Israel Navy's Commander-in-Chief rebuts Ennes article in June, 1992, issue. Retboll, Torben. "National Tragedy of American Propaganda System" Land Og Folk, the official organ of the Danish Communist Party, Denmark, 18 February 1986. Rosenthal, Abe. Column in The New York Times, November 8, 1991, "Anatomy of a Scoop." Column attacks credibility of Evans and Novak column reporting new evidence that the attack was deliberate and citing eyewitness accounts of Seth Mintz and Ambassador Dwight Porter. Rusk, Dean. See Dick Brooks, David Smith, Michael Pietrucha, U.S. Department of State and U.S. National Security Council entries. Rusk, Dean. As I Saw It, W.W.Norton, 1990. Former secretary of state calls attack deliberate. Says U.S. rejected Israeli explanation because it was not believable. "Russia was an Open Book" Ramparts Magazine, August 1972. Interview with intercept operator, mentions Liberty, mission, told to get out. "Rape of the USS Liberty" Military magazine feature article, June 1987 "Remember USS Liberty, Says VFW" VFW Magazine, June, 1987, p28-29. Rosenfeld, Stephen S. "After Israel's Victory" Washington Post, June 5, 1987. "Incident...in which...Israel bombed the ship to keep its freedom of action from being circumscribed, remains an unhappy but precise expression of a basic continuing difference in strategic perspective." Saberi, Mahmood "American Legion rejects call for fresh Liberty probe" The Saudi Gazette, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, February 27, 1988, p1. (Also Los Angeles Times, p2, from U.S. wire service version.) Reports interview with Liberty Vets Assn Pres. Joseph Meadors Saudi Gazette, September 29, 1988. Article by Saeed Haider reports that former Under Secretary of State George Ball has issued a statement calling the Israeli attack on the USS Liberty a "deliberate and shameful affair." Article also quotes Senator Edward Kennedy saying that the serious questions which remain about the attack "must be answered to the maximum extent humanly possible." Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing with Chairman Bourke Hickenlooper, July 14, 1967. This meeting is source of "these errors do occur" quote from Secty. McNamara so often quoted out of context by spokesmen for Israel. Senators clearly did not believe McNamara. Shreveport Times, editorial, July 18, 1967. Editorial presents first public speculation that reason for attack was to withhold knowledge of the Israeli intentions until after the Golan Heights had been captured. "Sinking (sic) of the Liberty: Accident or Design?" Newsweek. 19 June 1967, p. 21 Smith, R.K. "The Violation of the 'Liberty,'" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, June 1978. Also see review of Assault on the Liberty by survivor Don Blalock and numerous letters to the editor in subsequent issues over next two years. "Spy Ship Brought In From the Cold" Washington Post, June 15, 1991. Page One article by Bill McAllister reports that survivors were greeted at the White House by John Sununu and Brent Scowcroft. Later were belatedly awarded Presidential Unit Citation authorized 24 years earlier. Smyth, David. "Americans still claim '67 attack by Israel no mistake." Associated Press wire story widely printed week of 29 October 1984. Story quotes Moorer, Rusk, Helms, Tordella, Adm. Kidd, and survivors Ennes, Golden, White, Russell David, Wayne Smith. This was follow-up to an earlier AP story that "vanished" in the wire system. Sowers, Carol. "Wounds from Israeli attack on U.S. ship still raw" (story of Tom Reilly), The Arizona Republic, June 14, 1987, p12. St.John, Stephen. "After 20 years, justice still awaits survivors" Letter to-the-editor, New York Times, August 11, 1988. Letter responds to previous discussion of Liberty/Stark damage payments and calls for a new and proper inquiry. First letter on subject ever published by NYTimes. See Foxman, Abraham B. for Israel's rebuttal. "Stark attack revives nightmare of the USS Liberty" The Seattle Post Intelligencer. June 1, 1987. Interview of survivor James Ennes. Stevenson, Senator Adlai III. See U.S. Congress - Senate, below. Senator urges Congress to Remember the USS Liberty and to read Ennes's book. Sullivan, Sandra. "Why Israel attacked the USS Liberty" $1,500 prize-winning essay in 1987 USS Liberty Veterans Association essay contest. Published in The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs June, 1988. "Survivor recalls assault on the USS Liberty" Carbondale, Pa., News. June 10, 1987. Reports interview with survivor Bill Casper. "Survivors note parallels to Stark" Associated Press June 8, 1987 report of second reunion of crew. Printed in Minneapolis Star & Tribune, among others. "10 Dead, 100 Hurt in U.S. Warship." The New York Times, 9 June 1967, p. 1 "10 on U.S. Ship Killed by Israelis." Tulsa Daily World, 9 June 1967, p. 4 Tanber, George. "The USS Liberty, a forgotten story" Toledo, Ohio Blade June 7, 1987. Front page story reports interview with Jim Ennes. "There's a Trojan horse built every minute, parading lies as truth." The Christian Science Monitor, 26 February 1985, p.16. Story: Israel was apparently willing to practice disinformation even on its main ally when it attacked the Liberty. "Tragic Error or Coverup? Case Anything but Closed on the USS Liberty." Soldier of Fortune, June, 1989, p64. Counter rebuttal to Berger article in March issue which was a rebuttal to Ron Fraser article of September, 1988. Current article features nine letter-to-the-editor including articles by Bob Casale, Wm. Gartland, Gip Oldham, Michael Pietrucha, Robert Nordlander and others. Trejo, Frank "Attack by Israel on USS Liberty still pains survivors." Dallas Morning News June 10, 1989. Report from Grafton during 22nd anniversary reunion features interviews with several survivors, describes memorial library. Trejo, Frank "Liberty's dead get memorial after 22 years. Veterans say U.S. still ignoring Israeli attack." Dallas Morning News June 11, 1989. Followup report from Grafton describes memorial ceremony in Grafton and more interviews with survivors with comments by Pete McCloskey and local dignitaries. Treml, William B. "Afire, wounded, dying everywhere" The Ann Arbor News, Ann Arbor, Michigan, February 27, 1988, pC1. Reports Liberty Essay Contest won by Sandra Sullivan of Ann Arbor. Tully, Joseph M., Jr., Captain, USN, retired. "USS Liberty." Commanding Officer of aircraft carrier USS Saratoga describes orders to recall rescue aircraft while Liberty was still under attack. CRYPTOLOG, The Newsletter of the Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association. Winter, 1986. Published by NCVA, 3421 Stark Street, Eugene, Oregon 97404. Also, USS Liberty Newsletter, December, 1985. "Unexplained Casualty: USS Liberty." Life, 23 June 1967, pp. 28-29 U.S. 303 Committee. Minutes of 10 April 1967 meeting of unit of National Security Council, originally "top secret - eyes only". Document #12C sanitized and released 21DEC88 under review case 86-199 (previously 82- 180), released by LBJ Library, Austin, Texas 78705. Document records approval by committee of a proposal to place a submarine within UAR territorial waters. May be submarine mentioned in Assault on the Liberty and said to have photographed attack. McCloskey, Paul N. "Pete". Congessional Record, House, pp. E2968-9, September 7, 1989. McCloskey article inserted by Rep. Andrew Jacobs, Jr., describes memorial ceremony for Liberty dead held at the USS Liberty Memorial Public Library in Grafton, Wisconsin, and failure of the Department of the Navy to respond to several invitations to send an official representative. U.S. Congress - Senate. Senator Adlai Stevenson III speaking on Remember the "Liberty." 96th Congress, 2nd session, 1980. Reprints Washington Post review by L. Bucher. Congressional Record-Senate, September 22, 1980, page S13136. "U.S. Demands, Gets Apology" Daily Oklahoman, 9 June 1967, p. 1 U.S. Department of State. Report to Secretary of State Dean Rusk by State Department Legal Advisor Carl Salans on discrepancies in the official Israeli account of the attack on the USS Liberty. September 21, 1967. Declassified 1983. Reproduced in American-Arab Affairs #15. U.S. Department of State. Bulletin, February 1981 U.S. Department of State. "Claims; U.S. Ship 'Liberty' Agreement between the United States of America and Israel." Treaties and other International Acts (Serial 9957) effected by the exchanges of notes dated at Washington, Dec. 15 and 17, 1980. Document #S9.10:9957 U.S. Department of State. "Digest of United States Practice in International Law - 1980" By Marian Nash Leich, Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State. Article page 747, section "Claims Settlement Agreements," United States-Israel, USS Liberty, reports details of various claims for damages, injuries, deaths and loss of the ship culminating in December 18, 1980, agreement to accept $6 million in three annual installments for loss of the ship. Significantly, the summary does not assert that the attack was a mistake, only that Israel had ample time to identify the ship correctly and that the court had insufficient information to make a judgment on the reasons for the decision to attack. U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. LVIII (#58), No. 1512, June 17, 1968, p.799. Reports payment by Israel on May 27, 1968, of a claim by the United States for $3,323,500 on behalf of the families of the 34 cremen killed in the attack. U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. LX (#60), No. 1562, June 2, 1969, p.473. Reports payment in full by Israel of $3,566,457, which included 164 claims totaling $3,452,275 on behalf of the Liberty crew members injured in the attack, $92,437 for expenses incurred by the U.S. Government in providing medical treatment for them, and $21,745 for expenses incurred by the U.S. Government in reimbursing crew members for personal property damaged or destroyed in the attack. U.S. Department of State File Nos. P81 0010-2226 and P84 0015-0162. Pertains to negotiations between U.S. and Israel regarding claims for attack. Cited in Digest article by Marian Leach, above. U.S. Department of State Daily News Briefing, DPC 2451, Dec. 18, 1980. Announces U.S. agreement to accept $6-million from Israel in settlement of claims for damage to the ship. Heading: "The book is now closed on the USS Liberty incident." Cited in Digest article by Marian Leach, above. This agreement was made with Vice President Mondale during the Christmas vacation period. It followed by barely 90 days the announcement by then-Senator Adlai Stevenson of his intention to investigate the attack. Settlement was widely viewed as part of agreement to block any inquiry. California Congressman Jim Bates informed RADM Robert Garrick, USN (Retired) in a letter dated November 10, 1987, that "In closing the case [with the $6-million final settlement], the United States and Israel agreed not to address the issue of motive or reopen the case for any reason." U.S. Farmers Association. U.S. Farm News Nov/Dec 1988. Reports association's 1988 resolution calling upon U.S. Congress to investgate the attack. U.S. National Security Agency. "Attack on the USS Liberty" by William D. Gerhard. Partially declassified report of an investigation conducted by the National Security Agency in 1980. Heavily censored version released to National Archives as document #SRH-256. U.S. National Security Council Meeting, minutes of NSC Special Committee meeting 6:30 PM, Friday, June 9, 1967, in White House Cabinet Room. Notes by Harold H. Saunders. Filed LBJ Library, Mandatory Review Case #NLJ 83-172, Document #100. Clark Clifford: "Inconceivable that it was accident." Rusk: "Senators are outraged." Battle: "Incomprehensible." U.S. Navy, Office of the Judge Advocate General. Transcript of Navy Court of Inquiry into attack on the USS Liberty. 1967. Document includes more than 700 pages of testimony and supporting files. It is available to the public on request on paper, microfilm and sometimes on microfiche for fees ranging up to about $85. U.S. Navy, Office of the Judge Advocate General. Forwarding Endorsements to the Transcript of Navy Court of Inquiry. 1967. Detailed comments by each commander as the report moved through the military chain of command. U.S. Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Information. Declassified Summary of Proceedings of the Navy Court of Inquiry. Much-condensed and heavily censored (about 18 pg) summary produced in 1967 for public distribution. "U.S. Survivors of Israeli Attack Still Seek Answers.." Los Angeles Times. 30 June 1982, p. I1. "USS Liberty: Why the Cover-up?" ADC Times (American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee) Convention issue, 1985, reports on Liberty Forum held at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Story quotes from forum moderator Admiral Thomas Moorer, and from survivors Jim Ennes, Joe Meadors, Dave Lucas, Rick Aimetti, Stan White, and Bob Schnell. "USS Liberty Forum." Cryptolog, Spring 1986 issue, Vol 7, #3, the journal of the Navy Cryptologic Veterans Association, describes forum with survivors and Admiral Thomas Moorer held at Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C., 7 September 1985. USS LIBERTY NEWSLETTER, The official organ of the USS Liberty Veterans Assn. Quarterly from 1981 reports developments in unfolding story. Back issues can be ordered from Periodical or Exchange and Gifts section, Library of Congress; or from the USS Liberty Collection, Hoover Library, Stanford, California; or from the Social Documents Collection, Special Collections Dept., University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; or from the Wilcox Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, usually for about 40 cents per page, or about $100 for full set. "Veteran Remembers the USS Liberty" Lancaster, Pa., New Era, 13 July 1987. Survivors Richard Weaver and John Hrankowski discuss orders not to discuss the attack and their fear of speaking out. "Was Attack a Mistake?" PEOPLE Weekly magazine. March 10, 1980. "When U.S. Ship was Victim of a Shoot 1st Policy." U.S. News and World Report. 13 May 1968, p. 12. "Where Are They Now? USS Liberty." Newsweek, 29 September 1969, p. 22. "Why The Cover-Up?" Editorial Comment, The San Diego Union. Dec. 24, 1980 Waltz, Robert. "Attack Still Vivid." Wheeling, WV, Intelligencer, 14 October 1985, reports interview with survivor Bob Waltz. Williams, Bruce. "The Private War." Pacific Northwest. September 1982. Account of Ennes's efforts to tell the story despite Israeli obstruction. Worthington, Rogers. "What's in a name? Controversy" Chicago Tribune. May 15, 1988. Article discusses Grafton library and surrounding controversy. Keys: % Endorsed by three former U.S. presidents, calls attack deliberate * Devoted exclusively to Liberty $ Distorted or speculative (often erroneous) account, or drawn from erroneous sources such as Taylor, Pearson, Rabin, Herzog, etc.; not recommended. # Israeli version; conflicts sharply with American accounts @ Discusses why Israel would risk alienating American allies & Pro-Israel writer, claims inside information, says attack was deliberate and necessary to avoid leaks of vital information to Arab countries. + Claims CIA knew in advance of Israeli plans to attack. Marchetti later reported in a televised talk in Febuary, 1989, apparently in New York, that he worked directly for Admiral Rufus Taylor who was responsible for briefing LBJ on the attack. Marchetti says he read the "briefing boards" and that they left no doubt that the attack was deliberate. Rufus Taylor is known to have been privy to the clandestine submarine operation FRONTLET 615, a plan approved by the "303 Committee" of the National Security Council to place a U.S. submarine in Egyptian territorial waters just before the Six Day War. This may have been the submarine whose crewman later reported taking pic- tures of the USS Liberty while under attack. This submarine was not the USS Andrew Jackson as reported incorrectly by Pearson and others. ! Authors claim that the U.S. Military Attache' in Israel and the CIA Station Chief in the Middle East both investigated and found the attack to have been a tragic accident. In interview by Jim Bohannon (Larry King Show) in July, 1990, authors claim that the true story of the attack can be found in the September, 1984, article in The Atlantic Monthly by Israeli writers Goodman and Schiff (which see). ** Herman Wouk on p643-645 of his novel The Hope about Israel provides a grossly and apparently deliberately misleading account of the Liberty attack.